19th century Architecture
The violence of revolutions and the transformations of the Industrial Revolution made the clear rationality of neo-classical architecture seem naive. Architects and other artists began to express emotion — as well as reason — in their structures, and this stimulated a new artistic movement called “Romanticism.” One sweeping movement, however, cannot characterize the 19th century. Instead, architects embraced movements as diverse as neo-Gothic and, at the end of the century, “art nouveau.” Engineers also saw the advantages of new uses for cast and wrought iron to change structures from buildings to bridges.
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