Critical Thinking Activities - Chapter 9 Answers

  1. The muscles controlling pupil constriction are cholinergic. The cholinesterase is inhibited thus allowing the acetylcholine to stay in the synaptic gap longer and overstimulating the constrictors (219, 227).

  2. The muscles that control pupil dilation have adrenergic receptors so that the epinephrine released during emotional excitement will cause the pupils to dilate (227).

  3. Insect nerves must work about the same as ours. There is no specific reference in Fox to this.

  4. Parasympathetic (230): the vagus or cranial nerve X.

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