1. state the principles of catalysis and explain how enzymes function as catalysts.

2. explain how the names of enzymes are derived and comment on the significance of isoenzymes.

3. describe the effects of pH and temperature on the rate of enzyme-catalyzed reactions and explain how these effects are produced.

4. describe the roles of cofactors and coenzymes in enzymatic reactions.

5. explain how the law of mass action helps to account for the direction of reversible reactions.

6. explain how enzymes work together to produce a metabolic pathway and how this pathway may be affected by end-product inhibition and inborn errors of metabolism.

7. explain how the first and second laws of thermodynamics can be used to predict if metabolic reactions will be endergonic or exergonic.

8. describe how ATP is produced and explain its significance as the universal energy carrier.

9. define the terms oxidation, reduction, oxidizing agent, and reducing agent.

10. describe the use of NAD and FAD in oxidation-reduction reactions and explain the functional significance of these two molecules.