The major source of dietary carbohydrate for humans is starch from consumed plant material. This site reviews the sources and fates of dietary carbohydrates.

Question: Think of three possible fates of glucose in the human body.

Anaerobic glycolysis is discussed, as are the conditions under which it occurs.

Question: Under what conditions does the reduction of pyruvate to lactate normally occur?

This pathway requires an energy input (as ATP). Find out why by exploring this site

Question: What is gluconeogenesis?

Where in the human body does this process occur?

The amount of glycogen in muscle changes substantially between the fed state and following heavy exercise. Learn more about this by reading these pages.

Question: Where is glycogen stored in the human body?

The much dreaded conversion of excess glucose to fat is summarized.

Question: Under what circumstances is glucose converted to fat?

The oxidative reactions in the citric acid cycle are reviewed.

Question: Briefly describe in your own words the oxidation-reduction reactions that occur during the citric acid cycle.

A brief explanation of the electron transport chain is found at this site.

Question: What is the final electron acceptor in aerobic respiration?

What is the reduction product of oxygen?