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| Information Center |
Table of Contents
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Part I: Human Organization 1 Chapter 1: Organization of the Body 1 Anatomy and Physiology 2 Organization of Body Parts 2 Anatomical Terms 3 Organ Systems 9 Homeostasis 12 Medical Focus: Organ Donation 10 Chapter 2: Chemistry of Life 16 Elements and Atoms 17 Molecules and Compounds 18 Some Important Inorganic Molecules 23 Some Important Organic Molecules 23 Medical Focus: Imaging the Body 19 Medical Focus: Nutrition Labels 26 Chapter 3: Cell Structure and Function 33 The Plasma Membrane 34 The Nucleus 35 The Cytoplasm 36 Plasma Membrane Transport 39 Cell Division 42 Medical Focus: Hemodialysis 40 MedAlert: Cancer 44 Chapter 4: Body Tissues and Membranes 48 Body Tissues 49 Body Membranes 59 Medical Focus: Classification of Cancers 57 Chapter 5: The Integumentary System 62 Structure of the Skin 62 Accessory Structures of the Skin 65 Functions of the Skin 67 Disorders of the Skin 68 Effects of Aging 73 Visual Focus: Temperature Control 69 Medical Focus: Link between UV Radiation and Skin Cancer 70 Medical Focus: Epidermis from the Laboratory 71 Working Together: Integumentary System 74 Part II: Support and Movement 78 Chapter 6: The Skeletal System 78 Skeleton: Overview 79 Axial Skeleton 82 Appendicular Skeleton 91 Joints (Articulations) 100 Effects of Aging 104 MedAlert: Arthritic Joints 103 Working Together: Skeletal System 106 Chapter 7: The Muscular System 110 Types and Functions of Muscles 111 Skeletal Muscle Structure and Contraction 111 Skeletal Muscles of the Body 117 Effects of Aging 129 Visual Focus: Contraction of a Muscle 113 MedAlert: Benefits of Exercise 116 Working Together: Muscular System 130 Part III: Integration and Coordination 135 Chapter 8: The Nervous System 135 Nervous System 136 Central Nervous System 144 Peripheral Nervous System 152 Effects of Aging 158 Visual Focus: Synapse Structure and Function 141 Medical Focus: The Left and Right Brain 146 Medical Focus: EEG 149 Medical Focus: Spinal Cord Injuries 150 Working Together: Nervous System 159 MedAlert: Alzheimer Disease 160 Chapter 9: The Sensory System 165 General Receptors 166 Chemoreceptors 168 Photoreceptors 169 Mechanoreceptors 179 Effects of Aging 183 Medical Focus: Myasthenia Gravis 171 MedAlert: Age-Related Macular Degeneration 174 Medical Focus: Corrective Lenses 178 Medical Focus: Hearing Damage and Deafness 182 Chapter 10: The Endocrine System 186 Endocrine System 187 Hypothalamus and Pituitary Gland 190 Thyroid and Parathyroid Glands 193 Adrenal Glands 194 Pancreas 197 Testes and Ovaries 199 Other Endocrine Glands and Hormones 199 Effects of Aging 202 Visual Focus: Hypothalamus and the Pituitary 191 Medical Focus: Glucocorticoid Therapy 195 MedAlert: Side Effects of Anabolic Steroids 200 Working Together: Endocrine System 203 Part IV: Maintenance of the Body 207 Chapter 11: Blood 207 Composition of Blood 208 Functions of Blood 214 Blood Groups and Typing 216 Effects of Aging 218 Visual Focus: Hematopoiesis 213 Medical Focus: Abnormal Red and White Blood Cell Counts 218 Medical Focus: Who Should Not Give Blood 218 Chapter 12: The Circulatory System 222 Anatomy of the Heart 223 Vascular System 234 Features of the Circulatory System 244 Effects of Aging 246 Medical Focus: Congestive Heart Failure 227 Medical Focus: The Electrocardiogram 230 MedAlert: Preventing Heart Attacks 232 Working Together: Circulatory System 247 Chapter 13: The Lymphatic System and Immunity 251 Lymphatic System 252 Immunity 256 Immunotherapy 262 Immunological Side Effects and Illnesses 266 Effects of Aging 267 Medical Focus: Lymph Nodes and Illnesses 254 Medical Focus: Bone Marrow Biopsy and Transplant 255 Visual Focus: The Inflammatory Reaction 257 Medical Focus: Immunization: The Great Protector 263 MedAlert: AIDS Epidemic 264 Working Together: Lymphatic System 268 Chapter 14: The Respiratory System 272 Respiratory Organs 273 Mechanisms of Breathing 278 Respiration Mechanisms and Transport of Gases 282 Respiratory Infections and Lung Disorders 285 Effects of Aging 289 Medical Focus: Modified Breathing Rates 278 Visual Focus: Inspiration Versus Expiration 280 Medical Focus: Heimlich Maneuver 282 Visual Focus: Lower Respiratory Tract Disorders 288 MedAlert: The Most Often Asked Questions about Smoking, Tobacco, and Health, and . . . the Answers 290 Working Together: Respiratory System 292 Chapter 15: The Digestive System 296 Digestive System 297 Accessory Organs 308 Chemical Digestion 311 Nutrition 311 Effects of Aging 316 Medical Focus: Human Teeth 299 MedAlert: Constipation 306 Medical Focus: Viral Hepatitis 310 Medical Focus: Antioxidants 313 Working Together: Digestive System 317 Chapter 16: The Urinary System 321 Urinary System 322 Urine Formation 325 Regulatory Functions of the Kidney 329 Effects of Aging 316 Visual Focus: Steps in Urine Formation 326 Medical Focus: Illnesses Detected by Urinalysis 327 MedAlert: Prostate Enlargement 332 Working Together: Urinary System 334 Part V: Reproduction and Development 337 Chapter 17: The Reproductive System 337 Male Reproductive System 338 Female Reproductive System 343 Control of Reproduction and Sexually Transmitted Diseases 351 Effects of Aging 357 Visual Focus: Anatomy of Ovary and Follicle 344 Medical Focus: Ovarian Cancer 346 Visual Focus: Regulation of Estrogen and Progesterone Secretion by Negative Feedback 348 MedAlert: Endometriosis 352 Medical Focus: Alternative Methods of Reproduction 353 Working Together: Reproductive System 358 Chapter 18: Human Development and Birth 362 Fertilization 363 Development 366 Birth 373 MedAlert: Detecting Birth Defects 364 Medical Focus: Teratogens 369 Medical Focus: Premature Babies 374 Chapter 19: Human Genetics 379 Inheritance of Autosomes 381 Inheritance of Sex Chromosomes 383 Gene Inheritance 385 Biochemical Genetics 387 Visual Focus: Ex Vivo Gene Therapy in Humans 390 
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