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Student Center Understanding Human Anatomy and Physiology
Fourth Edition
Sylvia S. Mader
Student Center

Chapter 7: The Muscular System

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 Chapter Outline
  1. Types and Functions of Muscles
    1. Types of Muscles
      1. Smooth
      2. Cardiac
      3. Skeletal
    2. Functions of Muscles
  2. Skeletal Muscle Structure and Contraction
    1. Anatomy of a Skeletal Muscle
      1. Muscle Fiber
      2. Innervation of Muscle
    2. Physiology of Muscle Contraction
    3. Chemistry of Muscle Contraction
      1. Oxygen Debt
    4. Aspects of Muscle Contraction
      1. Isotonic vs. Isometric Contraction
      2. Muscle Tone
      3. Effect of Contraction on Size of Muscle
  3. Skeletal Muscles of the Body
    1. Naming Muscles
    2. Muscles of the Head
      1. Muscles of Facial Expression
        1. Frontalis
        2. Orbicularis oculi
        3. Orbicularis oris
        4. Buccinator
        5. Zygomaticus
      2. Muscles of Mastication
        1. Masseter
        2. Temporalis
    3. Muscles of the Neck and Trunk
      1. Muscles That Move the Head
        1. Sternocleidomastoid
        2. Trapezius
      2. Muscles of the Trunk
        1. External oblique
        2. Internal oblique
        3. Transversus abdominis
        4. Rectus abdominis
    4. Muscles of the Shoulder and Upper Limb (Arm)
      1. Muscles That Move the Pectoral Girdle and Arm
        1. Deltoid
        2. Pectoralis major
        3. Latissimus dorsi
        4. Serratus anterior
      2. Muscles That Move the Forearm
        1. Biceps brachii
        2. Triceps brachii
      3. Muscles That Move the Hand
        1. Flexor carpi
        2. Extensor carpi
        3. Flexor digitorum
        4. Extensor digitorum
    5. Muscles of the Thigh and Lower Limb (Leg)
      1. Muscles That Move the Thigh
        1. Iliopsoas
        2. Gluteus maximus
        3. Gluteum medius
        4. Adductor muscles
      2. Muscles That Move the Lower Limb (Leg)
        1. Quadriceps femoris group
          • Rectus femoris
          • Vastus lateralis
          • Vastus medialis
          • Vastus intermedius
        2. Hamstring group
          • Biceps femoris
          • Semimembranosus
          • Semitendinosus
        3. Sartorius
      3. Muscles That Move the Ankle and Foot
        1. Gastrocnemius
        2. Tibialis anterior
        3. Peroneus
        4. Flexor digitorum longus
        5. Extensor digitorum longus
  4. Effects of Aging
  5. Working Together
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