The Skull

The skull is composed of one movable bone, the [1], and 21 other bones held together by immovable joints called [2]. In includes several cavities, including the [3] cavity, which houses the brain, and four pairs of air-filled paranasal [4]. The former cavity has a large opening, the [5], which allows for connection between the brainstem and spinal cord. Other bones of the skull have many smaller [6] (plural) that serve as passageways for nerves and blood vessels. If we drew a line from just above one eye, over the top of the head, to the back of the skull, it would pass through the [7] bone, [8] bone, and [9] bone, in that order. The largest lateral bone, the [10] bone, houses the ear. One of the more irregularly shaped bones, the [11], has greater and lesser wings and a recess, the [12], which houses the pituitary gland. Another very irregular bone, the [13], has a perpendicular plate that forms the superior part of the nasal septum. There are 14 bones, called [14] bones, that have no contact with the brain. The largest of these are the upper jaw, or [15], and lower jaw, the [16]. The latter bone articulates with the temporal bone by a pair of knoblike processes called the [17]. The skull is also closely associated with three middle-ear bones, the auditory [18], and the U-shaped [19] bone in the neck. A newborn baby still has gaps called [20] between some of its cranial bones.

 1._________________________ 11._________________________

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The Spinal Column and Thoracic Cage

The spinal column consists of 33 [21], most of which are separated by cartilagenous [22]. The former bones are classified by location into 7 [23], 12 [24], 5 [25], 5 [26], which are fused into a single plate in adults, and finally a "tailbone" of 4 [27]. Most of these bones have a prominent, oval or heart-shaped [28] supporting a [29] arch, which encloses the spinal cord. This arch gives rise to a prominent, medial [30], which can be palpated as bumps along the back, and to a pair of [31] processes that project laterally. Each bone has a pair of superior [32], which articulate with a corresponding pair of inferior 32s of the next bone above that. If one of these bones has a bifid spinous process and a transverse foramen, it must be a [33] vertebra. If one has costal facets and demifacets, it must be a [34] vertebra, because these vertebrae articulate with the [35] by means of those facets. The breastbone, or [36], consists of a superior part, the [37], a long middle [38], and an inferior spine, the [39] process. The ribs articulate with the breastbone by way of hyaline [40] cartilages.

21._________________________ 31._________________________

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The Pectoral Girdle and Upper Extremity

The pectoral girdle consists of a shoulderblade, or [41], and a collarbone, or [42], on each side. The former bone has a broad anterior surface called the [43] fossa, and two fossae on the posterior surface separated by a transverse ridge called the [44]. A platelike extension of that ridge, the [45], forms the apex of the shoulder. The lateral angle of the shoulderblade has a shallow cup, the [46], which articulates with the arm. That part of the upper extremity from shoulder to elbow is called the [47], and contains one bone, the [48]. The forearm, from elbow to wrist, is also known as the [49]. It has two bones: a lateral [50], which articulates with the capitulum of the humerus, and a medial [51], which articulates with the pulleylike [52] of the humerus. The [53], a bony process of bone "51," forms the point of your flexed elbow. In the wrist are eight [54] bones arranged in two rows. Perhaps the most distinctive of these is the [55] bone, named for its unique hook. Beyond these are the bones of the hand, called the [56], and bones of the fingers, called [57]. Digits II–V each have three of these bones, but the thumb, also known as the [58], has only two.

41._________________________ 50._________________________

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The Pelvic Girdle and Lower Extremity

The adult pelvic girdle consists of two bones, the [59] (plural). They are joined to the sacrum behind and joined to each other at the [60] in front. Each bone arises from three bones of the child. The largest one, the [61], forms the crest of your hip. The three bones come together at a deep socket, the [62], which accommodates the large bone of your thigh. When you sit, you are resting your body weight on the lowest of the three bones, the [63]. The thigh bone, or [64], is the longest bone in the body. Its proximal end is a ball-like head and its distal end has prominent medial and lateral [65], rounded surfaces that articulate with the largest bone of the leg below. A medial depression between these accommodates the kneecap, or [66]. The largest bone below the knee is the [67], but there is also a more slender bone, the [68], located [69] (lateral or medial?) to the bigger one. These two bones form the prominent bony processes, the lateral and medial [70], of your ankle. The seven ankle bones are also called the [71] bones. The largest of these is the [72], which forms the heel. The second-largest, the [73], articulates with the leg bones above it. The long foot bones just beyond these seven are called the [74]. As in the hand, toes II–V each have three shorter bones called [75], while the great toe, also called the [76], has only two.

59._________________________ 68._________________________

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