Joints and Their Classification (pp.295-296)

1. Naming of joints
   
2. Classification by freedom of movement
   a.  Diarthroses
   b.  Amphiarthroses
   c.  Synarthroses
   
3. Classification by mode of attachment
   a.  Fibrous joints
   b.  Cartilaginous joints
   c.  Synovial joints
   d.  Synostoses (bony joints)
   

Fibrous, Cartilaginous, and Bony Joints (pp.296-299)

1. Fibrous joints
   a.  Sutures
   
   • Serrate sutures
   • Lap sutures
   • Plane sutures
   b.  Gomphoses
   c.  Syndesmoses
   
2. Cartilaginous joints
   a.  Synchondroses
   b.  Symphyses
   
3. Synostoses (bony joints)
   

Form and Function of Synovial Joints (pp.299-310)

1. General anatomy
   a.  Joint cavity
   b.  Synovial fluid
   c.  Articular cartilages
   d.  Joint capsule
   e.  Synovial membrane
   f.  Menisci
   g.  Tendons
   h.  Ligaments
   i.  Bursae
   
2. Types of synovial joints
   a.  Ball-and-socket
   b.  Hinge
   c.  Condyloid
   d.  Saddle
   e.  Pivot
   f.  Gliding
   
3. Movements of diarthroses
   a.  Flexion, extension, and hyperextension
   b.  Abduction and adduction
   c.  Elevation and depression
   d.  Protraction and retraction
   e.  Lateral and medial excursion
   f.  Circumduction
   g.  Rotation
   h.  Supination and pronation
   i.  Opposition and reposition
   j.  Dorsiflexion and plantar flexion
   k.  Inversion and eversion
   
4. Range of motion (ROM)
   a.  Importance and measurement
   b.  Determining factors
   
5. Levers and biomechanics of the joints
   a.  General features of a lever
   b.  Advantages of a lever
   
   • Increased force
   • Increased speed or distance
   c.  Mechanical advantage
   
   • MA = L_E/L_R
   • Power-speed tradeoff
   d.  Classes of levers
   
   • First-class (fulcrum in middle)
   • Second-class (resistance in middle)
   • Third-class (effort in middle)

Anatomy of Selected Diarthroses (pp.310-321)
See table 10.2 for summaries.

1. Temporomandibular (jaw) joint
   
2. Humeroscapular (shoulder) joint
   
3. Elbow joint-humeroulnar, humeroradial, and radioulnar
   
4. Coxal (hip) joint
   
5. Knee joint-tibiofemoral and patellofemoral
   
6. Talocrural (ankle) joint
   

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