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Study Outline
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Chapter 11: The Muscular System
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The Study of Skeletal Muscles (pp.327-328)
- How muscles are named
a. Nomina Anatomica
b. Common terms in muscle names
- A learning strategy
Functions and Structural Organization of Muscles (pp.328-333)
- Functions of muscles
a. Movement
b. Communication
c. Stability
d. Control of body openings
e. Heat production
- Connective tissues of a skeletal muscle
a. Endomysium around fibers
b. Perimysium around fascicles
c. Epimysium around muscle
d. Deep fascia between muscles
e. Superficial fascia between muscle and skin
f. Direct and indirect attachments to bone
g. Aponeuroses
h. Retinacula
- General anatomy of skeletal muscles
a. Origin (head)
b. Insertion
c. Belly
- Classification by orientation of fascicles
a. Fusiform muscles
b. Parallel muscles
c. Convergent muscles
d. Pennate muscles
- Unipennate
- Bipennate
- Multipennate
e. Circular muscles
- Coordinated action of muscle groups
a. Prime movers (agonists)
b. Synergists
c. Antagonists
d. Fixators
- Intrinsic and extrinsic muscles
- Innervation of muscles
Muscles of the Head and Neck (pp.333-342)
- Muscles of facial expression (table 11.2)
- Muscles of chewing and swallowing (table 11.3)
a. Intrinsic tongue muscles
b. Extrinsic tongue muscles
c. Muscles of mastication
d. Hyoid muscles
e. Pharyngeal constrictors
- Muscles acting on the head (table 11.4)
Muscles of the Trunk (pp.342-350)
- Muscles of respiration (table 11.5)
- Abdominal muscles (table 11.6)
- Muscles acting on the spine (table 11.7)
- Muscles of the pelvic floor (table 11.8)
Muscles Acting on the Upper Extremity (pp.350-363)
- Muscles acting on the pectoral girdle (table 11.9)
- Muscles acting on the humerus (tables 11.10 and 11.11)
a. Axial muscles
b. Scapular muscles
c. Rotator cuff
- Muscles acting on the forearm (tables 11.12 and 11.13)
- Muscles acting on the wrist, hand, and fingers (table 11.14)
- Intrinsic muscles of the hand (tables 11.15 and 11.16)
Muscles Acting on the Lower Extremity (pp.363-373)
- Muscles acting on the femur (table 11.17)
- Muscles located in the thigh (table 11.18)
- Muscles acting on the foot (table 11.19)
- Intrinsic muscles of the foot (table 11.20)


