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Topic Review |
Chapter 14: The Central Nervous System |
When you have completed this section, you should be able to
1. List the three major parts of the brain and describe their locations relative to each other.
2. Define gyrus, sulcus, fissure, and cortex.
3. Describe the division of the neural tube into three primary vesicles followed by five secondary vesicles.
When you have completed this section, you should be able to
4. Name the three meninges from superficial to deep.
5. Describe four functions of the cerebrospinal fluid.
6. Distinguish between the blood-CSF barrier and the blood-brain barrier.
7. Where does the CSF originate and what route does it take through and around the CNS?
When you have completed this section, you should be able to
You are blindfolded and either a hamster or an ice cube is placed in your right hand. What spinal tracts would carry the signals that enable you to discriminate between these two objects?
8. Name the four major regions and two enlargements of the spinal cord.
9. Describe the distal (inferior) end of the spinal cord and the contents of the vertebral canal from level L2 to S5.
10. Sketch a cross section of the spinal cord showing the dorsal and ventral horns. Where are the gray and white matter? Where are the columns and tracts?
11. Give an anatomical explanation as to why a stroke in the right cerebral hemisphere can paralyze the limbs on the left side of the body.
When you have completed this section, you should be able to
Why are the inferior colliculi shown in figure 14.14 but not in 14.16? How are these two figures related?
12. Name any six visceral functions controlled by nuclei of the medulla.
13. Explain how the cerebellum improves the performance of intentional movements.
14. What are some functions of the midbrain nuclei?
15. Describe the reticular formation and list several of its functions.
When you have completed this section, you should be able to
General anesthesia prevents sensory information from reaching the cerebrum during surgery, while smelling salts are used to arouse an unconscious person. How do you think these relate to the function of the reticular formation?
16. What are the three major components of the diencephalon? Which ventricle is enclosed by the diencephalon?
17. What is the role of the thalamus in sensory function?
18. List at least six physiological control functions of the hypothalamus.
When you have completed this section, you should be able to
19. Distinguish commissural, association, and projection tracts from each other.
20. Name the five lobes of the cerebral cortex and describe their locations relative to each other.
21. What are the basal nuclei and where are they located? What is their function and what is the result of degenerative changes in these nuclei?
22. Describe the location and functions of the limbic system.
When you have completed this section, you should be able to
23. Suppose you are reading a novel and gradually fall asleep and begin to dream. How would your brain waves change during this sequence of events?
24. Describe the somatotopy of the primary motor area and primary sensory area.
25. Describe the locations and functions of the somesthetic, visual, auditory, and frontal association areas.
26. List the brain centers concerned with understanding and producing speech and describe their locations and functions.
27. Distinguish between declarative and procedural memory and identify the parts of brain responsible for each.
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