1. People bitten by rattlesnakes may be passively immunized with injections of antitoxin. Propose a method by which this antitoxin might be prepared in sheep.

2. You get a flu shot each year to protect against flu. Why don’t they just give "booster" injections? Why doesn’t last year’s flu shot protect you against this year’s flu?

3. Laboratory tests made during the spring indicate that you have elevated levels of lgE antibodies. What might this indicate?

4. The clonal selection theory of immunity bears a striking resemblance to the concept of evolution by natural selection. Explain how these processes resemble each other.

5. If a child gets stung by a bee, an allergic reaction may occur quite rapidly. If a child crawls through some poison oak, the allergic reaction may not appear until the next day. What is different about these two allergic reactions? Which would respond better to antihistamines? Why?

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