1. _______________ water loss is loss of which we are usuallyunaware, such as water lost in the expired breath.

2. A deficiency of sodium in the blood is called _______________.

3. An excess of potassium in the blood is called _______________.

4. A blood pH above 7.45 is called _______________.

5. A pH imbalance is said to be _______________ if the body's buffersystems cannot restore acid-base homeostasis.

6. Neurons of the hypothalamus that monitor the osmolarity of theblood are called _______________.

7. A _______________ is an acid that ionizes to only a slight extent in solution,so it does not greatly alter the pH.

8. The ICF and ECF are the body's two major _______________.

9. Water is lost through the skin not only by the secretion of sweatbut also by a diffusion process called _______________.

10. Hyperkalemia can cause acidosis because K⁺ enters cells anddrives _______________ from the ICF into the ECF.

11. A fluid imbalance called _______________ can result when the bodyloses more Na⁺ than water-for example, when you sweat heavily and replace this fluid bydrinking plain water.

12. _______________ stimulates cells of the distal convoluted tubule to reabsorbNa⁺.

13. A chemical mixture that converts a strong acid to a weak acidand thus minimizes the effects of the strong acid on the pH of the solution is called a _______________.

14. In acidosis, cells of the renal tubules catabolize amino acidsand secrete _______________ into the tubular fluid to buffer the excess acid.

15. Cells of the renal collecting ducts install proteins calledaquaporins in their plasma membranes in response to the hormone _______________.

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