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Chapter 1: Major Themes in Anatomy and Physiology
Chapter 2: Matter and Energy
Chapter 3: The Molecules of Life
Chapter 4: Cellular Form and Function
Chapter 5: Genetics and Cellular Function
Chapter 6: Histology
Chapter 7: The Integumentary System
Chapter 8: Bone Tissue
Chapter 9: The Skeletal System
Chapter 10: Joints
Chapter 11: The Muscular System
Chapter 12: Muscular Tissue
Chapter 13: Nervous Tissue
Chapter 14: The Central Nervous System
Chapter 15: The Peripheral Nervous System and Reflexes
Chapter 16: Sense Organs
Chapter 17: The Endocrine System
Chapter 18: The Circulatory System: Blood
Chapter 19: The Circulatory System: The Heart
Chapter 20: The Circulatory System: Blood Vessels and Circulation
Chapter 21: The Lymphatic and Immune Systems
Chapter 22: The Respiratory System
Chapter 23: The Urinary System
Chapter 24: Water, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance
Chapter 25: The Digestive System
Chapter 26: Nutrition and Metabolism
Chapter 27: The Male Reproductive System
Chapter 28: The Female Reproductive System
Chapter 29: Human Development
Chapter 8: Bone Tissue
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Recall Test
Calcium phosphate crystallizes in bone as a mineral called
hydroxyapatite
.
Osteocytes contact each other through channels in the bone matrix called
canaliculi
.
A bone can increase in diameter only by
appositional
growth, the addition of new osteons to the surface.
Seed crystals of hydroxyapatite first form in the spaces between
collagen fibers
.
A calcium deficiency, called
hypocalcemia
, may lead to suffocation by laryngospasm.
The cells responsible for secreting collagen and GAGs and then stimulating calcium phosphate precipitation are
osteoblasts
.
The most active form of vitamin D, made mainly in the kidneys, is
calcitriol
.
The most common bone disease is
osteoporosis
.
The transitional region between epiphyseal cartilage and the primary marrow cavity of a young bone is called the
metaphysis
.
. A pregnant, poorly nourished woman may suffer a softening of the bones called
osteomalacia
.
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