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Chapter 1: Major Themes in Anatomy and Physiology
Chapter 2: Matter and Energy
Chapter 3: The Molecules of Life
Chapter 4: Cellular Form and Function
Chapter 5: Genetics and Cellular Function
Chapter 6: Histology
Chapter 7: The Integumentary System
Chapter 8: Bone Tissue
Chapter 9: The Skeletal System
Chapter 10: Joints
Chapter 11: The Muscular System
Chapter 12: Muscular Tissue
Chapter 13: Nervous Tissue
Chapter 14: The Central Nervous System
Chapter 15: The Peripheral Nervous System and Reflexes
Chapter 16: Sense Organs
Chapter 17: The Endocrine System
Chapter 18: The Circulatory System: Blood
Chapter 19: The Circulatory System: The Heart
Chapter 20: The Circulatory System: Blood Vessels and Circulation
Chapter 21: The Lymphatic and Immune Systems
Chapter 22: The Respiratory System
Chapter 23: The Urinary System
Chapter 24: Water, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance
Chapter 25: The Digestive System
Chapter 26: Nutrition and Metabolism
Chapter 27: The Male Reproductive System
Chapter 28: The Female Reproductive System
Chapter 29: Human Development
Chapter 15: The Peripheral Nervous System and Reflexes
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Recall Test
Outside the CNS, somas are clustered in swellings called
ganglia
.
Distal to the intervertebral foramen, a spinal nerve branches into a dorsal and ventral
ramus
.
The
phrenic
nerves arise from the cervical plexus and innervate the diaphragm.
Most parasympathetic preganglionic fibers are found in the
vagus
nerve.
Modified muscle fibers serving primarily to detect stretch are called
intrafusal fibers
.
The sciatic nerve is a composite of two nerves, the
tibial
and
common peroneal
.
The adrenal medulla consists of modified postganglionic neurons of the
sympathetic
nervous system.
Nicotinic and muscarinic receptors both bind the neurotransmitter
acetylcholine
.
Adrenergic receptors classified as
a
2
, ß
1
, and ß
2
act by changing the level of
cAMP
in the target cell.
Sympathetic fibers to blood vessels maintain a background rate of firing called
sympathetic tone
and this causes a state of partial vasoconstriction called
vasomotor tone
.
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