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Chapter 1: Major Themes in Anatomy and Physiology
Chapter 2: Matter and Energy
Chapter 3: The Molecules of Life
Chapter 4: Cellular Form and Function
Chapter 5: Genetics and Cellular Function
Chapter 6: Histology
Chapter 7: The Integumentary System
Chapter 8: Bone Tissue
Chapter 9: The Skeletal System
Chapter 10: Joints
Chapter 11: The Muscular System
Chapter 12: Muscular Tissue
Chapter 13: Nervous Tissue
Chapter 14: The Central Nervous System
Chapter 15: The Peripheral Nervous System and Reflexes
Chapter 16: Sense Organs
Chapter 17: The Endocrine System
Chapter 18: The Circulatory System: Blood
Chapter 19: The Circulatory System: The Heart
Chapter 20: The Circulatory System: Blood Vessels and Circulation
Chapter 21: The Lymphatic and Immune Systems
Chapter 22: The Respiratory System
Chapter 23: The Urinary System
Chapter 24: Water, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance
Chapter 25: The Digestive System
Chapter 26: Nutrition and Metabolism
Chapter 27: The Male Reproductive System
Chapter 28: The Female Reproductive System
Chapter 29: Human Development
Chapter 16: Sense Organs
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Recall Test
The most finely detailed vision occurs when an image falls on a pit in the retina called the
fovea centralis
.
The only cells of the retina that generate action potentials are the
ganglion
cells.
The retinal dark current is due to the flow of
NA
+
in and out of the receptor cells.
The gelatinous membranes of the macula sacculi and macula utriculi are weighted by calcium carbonate and protein granules called
otoliths
.
Three rows of
hair cells
in the cochlea have V-shaped arrays of stereocilia and tune the frequency sensitivity of the cochlea.
The
stapes
is a tiny bone that vibrates in the oval window and thereby transfers sound vibrations to the inner ear.
The
colliculi
of the midbrain receives auditory input and triggers the head-turning auditory reflex.
The apical stereocilia of a gustatory cell are known as
taste hairs
.
Olfactory neurons synapse with mitral cells and tufted cells in the
olfactory bulbs
, which lie inferior to the frontal lobes.
In the phenomenon of
referred pain
, pain from the viscera is perceived as coming from an area of the skin.
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