Lecture Outline

CHAPTER OVERVIEW: This chapter introduces the skin as an organ and organ system. The structure and functions of the parts of the skin and the various accessory structures are given. Characteristics and functions of the whole skin, hair and nails are discussed. Changes in the skin with age are outlined.

OUTLINE (one or two fifty-minute lectures)

Chapt. Object.

Topic Outline Chapter 5

Figures & Tables

Trnspcy Acetates

Trnspcy
Masters

1

I. Hypodermis

Fig. 5.1, p.136

TA-59

  
 

        a. Loose Connective Tissue
      
 

        b. Adipose Cells - Approx. 1/2 Body Fat

Clinical Note, p.135

    
 

        c. Connection to Rest of Body
      
 

II. Skin

     

2

    A. Dermis

Fig. 5.2, p.137; Clinical Note, p.135

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      1. Reticular Layer - Deeper, Fibrous
      
 

        a. Cleavage Lines

Fig. 5.3, p. 138

  

TM-22
 

        b. Striae or Stretch Marks

     
 

      2. Papillary Layer
      
 

        a. Blood Vessels - More in Papillary
      
 
        b. Nerve Endings - Project Through Dermis
     
 

    B. Epidermis

Fig. 5.4, p.139

TA-61

  
 

      1. Cell Types

Clinical Note, p.136

    
 

        a. Keratinocytes
      
 

        b. Melanocytes
      
 

        c. Langerhans Cells
      

3

      2. Stratum Basale - innermost
      
 

      3. Stratum Spinosum
      
 

      4. Stratum Granulosum
      
 

      5. Stratum Lucidum
      
 

      6. Stratum Corneum - outermost

Table 5.1, p.140

Predict Quest. 1

    

4,5

    C. Thick and Thin Skin
      
 

    D. Skin Color

Predict Quest 2

    
 

      1. Melanin - Brown Pigment

Fig. 5.5, p.142

TA-62

  

6

        a. Melanocytes and Melanosomes

Clinical Focus, p.141-142

    
 
        b. Hormonal Influences - Incr. in Pregnancy, Addison's Disease
      
 

        c. Genetic Influences - Racial Differences; Lack in Albinism

      
 

        d. U-V Radiation (Light Exposure) - Incr. Melanin Prod.

     
 

        e. Depth of Pigment - Deeper = Bluer

     

7

      2. Carotene
      
 

      3. Cyanosis
      
 

III. Accessory Skin Structures

      

8

    A. Hair
      

9

      1. Hair Structure

Fig. 5.6, p.144

    
 

        a. Length - Shaft, Root, Bulb<

Fig. 5.6a, b, p.144

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        b. X-Sect.- Medulla, Cortex, Cuticle

Fig. 5.6c, p.144

TA-64

  
 

      3. Hair Follicle

Fig. 5.6b, p.144

    
 

      4. Hair Growth - Ave. 0.3 mm/day

Predict Quest. 3

    
 

        a. Growth Stage & Resting Stage

     
 

        b. Cycle Length Varies With Hair Type

     

10

    B. Muscles

     

11

    C. Glands

Fig. 5.7, p.145

TA-65

  
 

      1. Sebaceous Glands - Holocrine

     
 

      2. Sweat Glands - Apocrine & Merocrine

Clinical Note, p.145

    
 

      3. Ceruminous and Mammary Glands
      

12
    D. Nails

Fig. 5.8, p.146

TA-66

  
 

      1. Structure

     
 

        a. Dorsal View - Root, Bed, Lunula, Eponychium, Hyponychyum

Fig. 5.8a, p.146

TA-66

  
 

        b. Long. Sect. - Bed, Body, Groove, Matrix

Fig. 5.8b,c, p.146

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      2. Growth Pattern and the Nail Matrix

Clinical Note, p.146

    

13

IV. Functions of the Integumentary System

      
 

    A. Protection

Clinical Note, p.146

    
 

    B. Temperature Regulation

Predict Quest. 4

    

14

    C. Vitamin D Production

      
 

    D. Sensation

      
 

    E. Excretion

      

15

V. Effects of Aging on the Integumentary System

Fig. 5.9, p.148; Clinical Note, p. 147; Clinical Focus, p. 148-149

    
 

VI. Systems Pathology: Burns

Predict Quest. 5

Systems Interactions, p. 151

TA-67

  

 

 

IMPORTANT CONSIDERATIONS: It often takes one lecture to cover the parts of the skin and a second lecture to focus on the parts and functions of hair, nails and the glands of the skin. As was mentioned, the discussion of inflammation may be postponed until after a discussion of the skin, so that the vascular events and epithelial regeneration can be covered after students have more background information.

SEE INSTRUCTOR'S RESOURCE MANUAL FOR CORRESPONDING:

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