Chapter 1: The Human Organism

Chapter Objectives

  1. Explain the importance of understanding the relationship between structure and function.
  2. Define the terms anatomy and physiology, and identify the different ways in which they can be studied.
  3. Describe the chemical, organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, and whole organism levels of organization.
  4. List the 11 organ systems, and indicate the major functions of each.
  5. List the characteristics of life.
  6. Explain the importance of studying other animals to help understand human anatomy and physiology.
  7. Define homeostasis. Give an example of a negative-feedback system and a positive-feedback system, and describe the relationship of each of homeostasis.
  8. Describe the anatomic position. Use the directional terms in table 1.1 to describe specific body structures.
  9. Name and describe the three major planes of the body or of an organ.
  10. List the terms used to describe different regions or parts of the body.
  11. Describe two ways to subdivide the abdominal region.
  12. Define the terms thoracic cavity, abdominal cavity, pelvic cavity, and mediastinum.
  13. Define serous membrane, and explain the relationship between parietal and visceral serous membranes.
  14. Name the membranes that line the walls and cover the organs of each body cavity, and name the fluid found inside each cavity.
  15. Define mesentery, and describe its function.
  16. Define the term retroperitoneal, organs.

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