Describe the structure of the plasma membrane. Explain why the plasma membrane is more permeable to lipid-soluble substances and small molecules than to large water-soluble substances.
Describe the structure and function of the nucleus and nucleoli.
Define cytoplasm, cytosol, and organelle.
Contrast microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments.
Compare the structure and function of rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
Explain the role in secretion of the Golgi apparatus and secretory vesicles.
Distinguish between lysosomes and peroxisomes.
Describe the structure and function of mitochondria.
Describe centrioles, spindle fibers, cilia, flagella, and microvilli.
Describe the factors that affect the rate and the direction of diffusion of a solute in a solvent.
Explain the role of osmosis in controlling the movement of water across the plasma membrane. Compare isotonic, hypertonic, and hypotonic solutions with isosmotic, hyperosmotic, and hyposmotic solutions.
Describe mediated transport, and explain the characteristics of specificity, competition, and saturation.
Describe the processes of facilitated diffusion, active transport, secondary active transport, phagocytosis, pinocytosis, and exocytosis.
Define cell metabolism, and contrast aerobic and anaerobic respiration.
Describe the process of protein synthesis.
Explain what is accomplished during mitosis and cytokinesis.
Describe the events of meiosis, and explain how they result in the production of genetically unique individuals.
