Chapter 8: Articulations and Movement

Chapter Objectives

  1. Define the term articulation.
  2. Discuss the importance of movement to joint formation and maintenance.
  3. List the general features of a fibrous joint, name the three classes of fibrous joints, list examples of each class, and describe their differences.
  4. List the general features of a cartilaginous joint, name the two types of cartilaginous joints, list examples for each class, and describe the major differences between them.
  5. Describe the general features of a synovial joint, including the histology of the joint capsule and the nature of synovial fluid.
  6. Define the term bursa, and list three places where bursae may be located.
  7. List the types of synovial joints, give an example of each type, and describe the major structural and functional features of each.
  8. Describe flexion and extension, and give examples at two joints.
  9. Describe abduction and adduction, and give examples at two joints.
  10. Describe inversion and eversion of the foot.
  11. Describe rotation, circumduction, pronation, and supination.
  12. Describe the following joints, and indicate the types of movements that can occur at each; temporomandibular, shoulder, hip, knee, and ankle, joints. Do the same for the foot arches.
  13. List the most common types of knee injuries, and tell which part of the knee is most often damaged in each type.
  14. Define the term sprain, and describe which portions of the ankle joint are most commonly damaged when it is sprained.

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