Define the term sensation. Explain the difference between somatic, visceral, and special senses, and give examples of each.
Describe the major sensory nerve endings, their locations, and their functions.
Describe the histologic structure and function of the olfactory epithelium and the olfactory bulb.
Describe the central nervous system connections for smell, and explain how these connections elicit various visceral and conscious responses to smell.
Explain adaptation to odor, and describe various levels at which it can occur.
Describe the histology and function of a typical taste bud.
Describe the central nervous system pathways and cortical locations for taste.
List the accessory structures of the eye, and explain their functions.
Describe the tunics of the eye, and give the function of each.
Describe the internal structures of the eye, including the lens, ciliary body, iris, macula lutea, and optic disc, and explain the function of each.
Describe the compartments and chambers of the eye, and explain the function of Schlemm.
Explain light refraction and reflection and how they relate to the eye function.
Name and describe the structure and function of the layers of the retina.
Describe the chemical reaction in rhodopsin as a result of light stimulation.
Outline the central nervous system pathway for visual input, and describe what happens to images from each half of the visual fields.
Describe the structures of the outer and middle ears, and state their functions.
Describe the microanatomy of the cochlea, and explain how sounds are detected.
Describe the central nervous system pathway for the appreciation of hearing, the pathway for determining pitch, and the reflex pathway for dampening sound.
Explain how the static and kinetic labyrinths function in balance.
Describe the central nervous system pathways for balance.
