Chapter 21: Cardiovascular System: Peripheral Circulation and Regulation
Chapter Objectives
Describe the structure and function of capillaries, arteries, and veins.
Describe the structural and functional changes that occur in arteries as they age.
List the blood vessels of the pulmonary circulation, and describe their function.
List the major arteries that supply each of the major body areas, and describe their functions.
List the major veins that carry blood from each of the major body areas, and describe their functions.
Explain how lymph vessels, and describe their function.
List the major lymph is formed and transported.
Describe the significance of each of the following for the circulation of blood: viscosity, laminar and turbulent flow, blood pressure, rate of blood flow, Poiseuille's law, critical closing pressure, LaPlace's law, and vascular compliance.
Explain how blood pressure can be measured.
Explain the total cross-sectional area of blood vessels, blood pressure, and resistance to flow change as blood flows through the aorta, small arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, small veins, and venae cavae.
Describe how the exchange of materials across the capillary occurs, and describe how edema can result from decreases in plasma protein and increases in the permeability of the capillary.
Describe the functional characteristics of veins.
Describe the mechanisms responsible for the local control of blood flow through tissues, and explain under what conditions nervous control of blood flow through tissues is important.
Describe the short-term and long-term mechanisms that regulate the mean arterial pressure.
Define hypertension, and explain its effect on the circulatory system.
Describe how the circulatory system responds to exercise and shock.
