List the components of the urinary system, and describe its overall functions.
Describe the location, size, shape, and internal anatomy of the kidneys.
Describe the structure of the nephron and the orientation of its parts within the kidney.
Describe the course of blood flow through the kidney, and identify the blood volume that flows through the kidney.
List the components of the filtration barrier, and describe its structure and the composition of the filtrate.
List factors that influence filtration pressure and the rate of filtrate formation.
Explain how tubular reabsorption in the proximal tubule is accomplished and how it influences filtrate composition.
Describe the permeability characteristics of the descending limb of the loop of Henle, and discuss how the movement of substances across its wall influences the composition of the filtrate.
Describe permeability and transport characteristics of the ascending limb of the loop of Henle, and explain how they influence filtrate composition.
Describe the permeability and transport characteristics of the distal tubule and the collecting duct, and explain how they influence filtrate composition.
Explain the function of the vasa recta.
Describe the role of the loops of Henle and the collecting ducts in producing concentrated urine.
Define autoregulation, and explain how it influences renal function.
Explain the effect that sympathetic stimulation has on the kidney during rest, exercise, and shock.
Define and explain tubular maximum and plasma clearance.
