Chapter 27: Water, Electrolytes, and Acid-Base Balance
Chapter Objectives
List the major body fluid compartments and the approximate percent of body weight contributed by the fluid within each compartment, and describe how the compartments are influenced by age and body fat.
Compare the composition of intracellular and extracellular fluids.
Diagram the mechanisms by which sodium, potassium, calcium, and chloride ions are regulated in the extracellular fluid.
Describe how the regulatory mechanisms respond to an increase or a decrease in extracellular sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, or phosphate ion concentration.
Diagram the mechanisms by which the water content of the body fluids is regulated.
Describe how the regulatory mechanisms respond to either an increase or a decrease in the water content of body fluids.
Define the terms acid, base, acidosis, alkalosis, and buffer.
Explain how buffers regulate the body fluid pH, and list the major buffers that exist in the body fluids.
Diagram the mechanisms that regulate the body fluid pH, and describe how they respond to either acidosis or alkalosis.
Describe how acidosis and alkalosis are classified, and provide specific examples.
