Essentials of Anatomy & Physiology   3/e   Seeley/Stephens/Tate
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Chapter 3: Cell Structures and Their Functions


Chapter Outline

Chapter 3: Cell Structures and Their Functions

  1. Functions of the Cell

    1. Basic unit of life
    2. Protection and support
    3. Movement
    4. Communication
    5. Cell metabolism and energy release
    6. Inheritance

  2. Structures of the Cell (Fig. 3.1, p. 43, Table 3.1, p. 43) TA18 HSST/4: See Table 3.1, p.73

    1. Cell membrane: Fluid Mosaic Model (Fig. 3.2, p. 44) TA 19

      1. Phospholipids
      2. Proteins

        1. Membrane channels
        2. Carrier molecules
        3. Receptor molecules: intercellular communication
        4. Enzymes
        5. Structural supports

    2. Nucleus (Fig. 3.3, p. 45)

      1. Nuclear envelope
      2. Chromatin and chromosomes

    3. Nucleoli and Ribosomes

      1. Formation of ribosomal subunits (Fig. 3.4, p. 46) TA 20

    4. Cytoplasm

      1. Rough and smooth ER (Fig. 3.5, p. 46)TA 21
      2. The Golgi apparatus (Fig. 3.6, p. 47)TA 22
      3. Secretory vesicles
      4. Lysosomes HSST/4: See Figure 3.12, p.68
      5. Mitochondria and oxidative metabolism (Fig. 3.7, p. 48) TA 23
      6. Cytoskeleton (Fig. 3.8, p. 49)TA 24

        1. Microtubules
        2. Microfilaments
        3. Intermediate filaments

      7. Cilia, Flagella, and Microvilli HSST/4: See Figure 3.15, 3.16, p.71-72

    5. Organelle interactions and whole cell activity

  3. Movement Through the Cell Membrane (Table 3.2, p. 51)

    1. Selective permeability
    2. Pathways of movement

      1. Through phospholipid layers
      2. Through membrane channels
      3. Transported by carrier molecules
      4. Transported within vesicles

    3. Diffusion (Fig. 3.9, p. 51)

      1. Concentration gradient
      2. Membrane channels

    4. Osmosis (Fig. 3.10, p. 53)TA 25

      1. Osmotic pressure
      2. Hypotonic solutions and lysis (Fig. 3.11, p. 54) TA 26
      3. Hypertonic solutions and crenation
      4. Isotonic solutions

    5. Filtration
    6. Mediated Transport Mechanisms (Fig. 3.12, p. 54) TA 27

      1. Facilitated diffusion
      2. Active transport (Fig. 3.13, p. 55)TA 28
      3. Secondary active transport (Fig. 3.14, p. 56) TA 29
      4. Endocytosis

        1. Phagocytosis (Fig. 3.15, p. 56)
        2. Pinocytosis

      5. Exocytosis (Fig. 3.16, p. 57)

  4. Cell Metabolism (Fig. 3.17, p. 57)

    1. Glycolysis
    2. Aerobic respiration
    3. Anaerobic respiration

  5. Protein Synthesis (Fig. 3.18, p. 58) TA 30

    1. DNA
    2. Transcription (Fig. 3.19, p. 59) TA 31 HSST/4: See Fig. 3.30, p. 87
    3. Translation (Fig. 3.20, p. 60) TA 32

      1. Ribosomes
      2. mRNA
      3. tRNA

  6. Cell Division

    1. Mitosis (Fig. 3.22, p. 62) TA 34

      1. Chromosomes
      2. Replication (Fig. 3.21, p. 61) TA 33
      3. Interphase between cell divisions
      4. Phases of mitosis

        1. Prophase
        2. Metaphase
        3. Anaphase
        4. Telophase

    2. Meiosis (Fig. 3.23, p. 64) TA 35

      1. Haploid cells gametes
      2. Phases of meiosis; two divisions (Table 3.3, p. 65)
      3. Interkinesis
      4. Genetic diversity

        1. Crossing over
        2. Random distribution

  7. Differentiation and DNA Activity

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