Essentials of Anatomy & Physiology   3/e   Seeley/Stephens/Tate
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Chapter 4: Tissues, Glands, and Membranes


Chapter Outline

Chapter 4: Tissues, Glands, and Membranes

  1. Epithelial Tissue (Fig. 4.1, p. 72)

    1. Functions of Epithelia

      1. Protecting underlying structures
      2. Acting as barriers
      3. Permitting the passage of substances
      4. Secreting substances
      5. Absorbing substances

    2. General characteristics
    3. Classification (Table 4.1, p. 73)

      1. Simple squamous epithelium (Fig. 4.2A, p. 74)TA 36
      2. Simple cuboidal epithelium (Fig. 4.2B, p. 74)TA 36
      3. Simple columnar epithelium (Fig. 4.2C, p. 75)TA 37
      4. Pseudostratified columnar epithelium (Fig. 4.2D, p. 75)TA 38
      5. Stratified squamous epithelium (Fig. 4.2E, p. 76)TA 37
      6. Transitional epithelium (Fig. 4.2F, p. 76)TA 38

    4. Cell Layers and Cell Shapes HSST/4: See "Microscopic Imaging" p. 128

      1. Stratified protective
      2. Simple diffusion, filtration, secretion, absorption
      3. Thin, flat diffusion
      4. Cuboidal and columnar secretion and absorption

    5. Free Cell Surfaces

      1. Smooth
      2. Microvilli
      3. Cilia and goblet cells

    6. Cell Connections (Fig. 4.3, p. 77)

      1. Tight junctions
      2. Desmosomes
      3. Gap junctions

    7. Glands

      1. Endocrine glands
      2. Exocrine glands (Fig. 4.4, p. 78)

        1. Unicellular gland
        2. Simple straight tubular gland
        3. Simple coiled tubular gland
        4. Simple acinar or alveolar gland
        5. Simple branched acinar gland
        6. Compound tubular gland
        7. Compound acinar or alveolar gland

  2. Connective Tissue

    1. Functions of Connective Tissue

      1. Enclosing and separating
      2. Connecting tissues to one another
      3. Supporting and moving
      4. Storing
      5. Cushioning and insulating
      6. Transporting
      7. Protecting

    2. General Characteristics
    3. Classification (Table 4.2, p. 79)

      1. Extracellular matrix

        1. Protein fibers

          1. Collagen fibers
          2. Reticular fibers
          3. Elastic fibers

        2. Ground substance proteoglycans
        3. Fluid

      2. Cell functions

        1. Blast cells
        2. Cyte cells
        3. Clast cells
        4. Macrophages and mast cells

    4. Matrix with Protein Fibers as the Primary Feature

      1. Dense connective tissue (Fig. 4.5A, p. 80)TA 39
      2. Loose or areolar connective tissue (Fig. 4.5B, p. 80)TA 39
      3. Adipose tissue (Fig. 4.5C, p. 81)TA 40

    5. Matrix with both Protein Fibers and Ground Substance

      1. Cartilage (Fig. 4.5D, p. 81)TA 40

        1. Hyaline cartilage
        2. Fibrocartilage
        3. Elastic cartilage

      2. Bone (Fig. 4.5E, p. 82)TA 41
      3. Cancellous bone
      4. Compact bone

    6. Fluid Matrix

      1. Blood (Fig. 4.5F, p. 82)TA 41

  3. Muscle Tissue HSST/4: See Table 4.4, p.122

    1. Skeletal muscle (Fig. 4.6A, p. 84)TA 42
    2. Cardiac muscle (Fig. 4.6B, p. 84)TA 42
    3. Smooth muscle (Fig. 4.6C, p. 85)TA 43

  4. Nervous Tissue (Fig. 4.7, p. 85)TA 43

    1. Neuron or nerve cell
    2. Neuroglia

  5. Membranes

    1. Mucous membranes
    2. Serous membranes (Fig. 1.12, 1.13, p. 15)

      1. Pleural membranes pleurisy
      2. Pericardial membranes pericarditis
      3. Peritoneal membranes peritonitis

    3. Other membranes

      1. Cutaneous
      2. Synovial
      3. Periosteum

  6. Inflammation (Fig. 4.8, p. 87)TA 44

    1. Symptoms

      1. Redness
      2. Heat
      3. Swelling
      4. Pain
      5. Disturbance of function

    2. Mechanisms

      1. Mediators of inflammation
      2. Edema
      3. Neutrophils and pus

  7. Tissue Repair (Fig. 4.9, p. 88) TA 45

    1. Processes HSST/4: See "Cancer Tissue" p. 130

      1. Regeneration
      2. Replacement

    2. Cell types

      1. Labile cells
      2. Stable cells
      3. Permanent cells

    3. Granulation tissue and wound contracture

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