After reading this chapter, you should be able to:

1. List the divisions of the nervous system and describe the characteristics of each.

2. Describe the structure of neurons and the function of their components. Describe the location, structure, and general function of neuroglial cells.

3. Define and describe the structure of a nerve, nerve tract, nucleus, and ganglion.

4. Explain what a resting membrane potential is and how an action potential is generated and propagated.

5. Describe the structure and function of a synapse.

6. List the parts of a reflex arc and describe its function.

7. List the parts of the brainstem and diencephalon and give their functions.

8. Describe the major functional areas of the cerebral cortex and explain their interactions.

9. Describe sensory, short-term, and long-term memory.

10. Describe the major functions of the basal nuclei, limbic system, and cerebellum.

11. List the major ascending and descending pathways of the spinal cord.

12. Describe the three meningeal layers surrounding the central nervous system, the four ventricles of the brain, and the origin and circulation of the cerebrospinal fluid.

13. List the various types of cranial nerves and give a brief description of their functions.

14. Define the term plexus and describe the three primary plexuses, including their branches.

15. Contrast the structure of the autonomic nervous system and the somatic motor nervous system. Name the two divisions of the autonomic nervous system and describe the differences between them.