Essentials of Anatomy & Physiology   3/e   Seeley/Stephens/Tate
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Chapter 10: The Endocrine System


Chapter Outline

Chapter 10: The Endocrine System

  1. Functions of the Endocrine System

    1. Water balance
    2. Uterine contractions and milk release
    3. Metabolism and tissue maturation
    4. Ion regulation
    5. Heart rate and blood pressure regulation
    6. Blood glucose control
    7. Immune system regulation
    8. Reproductive functions control

  2. Chemical Signals (Table 10.1, p. 258)

    1. Autocrine chemical signals
    2. Paracrine chemical signals
    3. Hormones
    4. Neurotransmitters
    5. Neuromodulators and neurohormones
    6. Pheromones

  3. Receptors (Fig. 10.1, p. 259)

    1. Receptor types for intercellular chemical signals (Fig. 10.1,Table 10.2, p. 259-60) TA 125

      1. Intracellular receptors
      2. Membrane-bound receptors

    2. Receptor responses

      1. Membrane-bound receptor response

        1. Ion channel responses (Fig. 10.3, p. 260)TA 127
        2. Enzyme responses (Fig. 10.4, p. 261)TA 128

          1. Activation of G proteins (intracellular signals) (Fig. 10.5, p. 261)TA 129

            • cAMP
            • DAG
            • IP3

          2. Increase synthesis of intracellular signals (Fig. 10.6, p. 262)TA 130

            • cGMP

          3. Phosphorylate intracellular proteins (Fig. 10.7, p. 262)TA 131
          4. Intracellular receptor response (Fig. 10.8, p. 263)TA 132

  4. Hormones

    1. Endocrine glands(Fig. 10.9, p. 264)
    2. Hormones and target tissues (Fig. 10.10, p. 264)
    3. Chemistry of hormonesHSST/4: See Table 17.2, p. 525
    4. Regulation of hormone secretion

      1. Blood levels of chemicals
      2. Hormones
      3. Nervous system

  5. Endocrine Glands and Their Hormones (Table 10.3, p. 266-67)

    1. The pituitary and hypothalamus (Fig. 10.11a,10.11b, p. 268-69) TAs 133, 134

      1. Anterior pituitary

        1. Releasing hormones
        2. Hypothalamic-pituitary portal system

      2. Posterior pituitary

        1. Axons from hypothalamus

    2. Anterior pituitary hormones(Fig. 10.11a, p. 268, Table 10.3,p. 266-67)TA 133

      1. Growth hormone (GH)
      2. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
      3. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
      4. Gonadotropins

        1. FSH

          1. Female
          2. Male

        2. LH (ICSH)

          1. Female
          2. Male

      5. Prolactin
      6. Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH)

    3. Posterior pituitary hormones (Fig. 10.11a, p. 268, Table 10.3, p. 266-67)TA 133

      1. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH; vasopressin)
      2. Oxytocin

    4. Thyroid gland (Fig. 10.12, p. 271)TA 135

      1. Thyroid hormones (T4 and T3)HSST/4: See Table 18.4, 18.5, p. 553-554
      2. Regulation of thyroid hormone secretion (Fig. 10.13, p. 272)TA 136
      3. Calcitonin (Fig. 10.14, p. 273)TA 137

    5. Parathyroid glands (Fig. 10.13, p. 272, Fig. 10.14, p. 273)
    6. Adrenal glands

      1. Adrenal medulla (Fig. 10.15, p. 274)TA 138
      2. Adrenal cortex (Fig. 10.16, p. 275)TA 139

        1. GlucocorticoidsHSST/4: See Table 18.8, 18.9, p. 560-562 "Hormone pathologies", p. 584
        2. Mineralocorticoids
        3. Androgens

    7. Pancreas (Fig. 10.17, p. 276)TA 140

      1. Insulin beta cells (Table 10.4, p. 277)
      2. Glucagon alpha cells
      3. Effects on target tissues
      4. Regulation of secretion (Fig. 10.17, p. 278)
      5. Diabetes mellitusHSST/4: See "Diabetes Mellitus", p. 568 "Systems Pathologies", p. 571

    8. Testes and ovaries

      1. Testosterone
      2. Estrogen and progesterone

    9. Thymus gland thymosin
    10. Pineal body melatonin
    11. Other hormones

      1. Digestive hormones
      2. Prostaglandins
      3. Erythropoietin
      4. Human chorionic gonadotropin

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