Essentials of Anatomy & Physiology   3/e   Seeley/Stephens/Tate
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Chapter 11: Blood


Chapter Outline

Chapter 11: Blood

  1. Functions of Blood

    1. Transport of gases, nutrients, and waste products
    2. Transport of processed molecules
    3. Transport of regulatory molecules
    4. Regulation of pH and osmosis
    5. Maintenance of body temperature
    6. Protection against foreign substances
    7. Clot formation

  2. Composition of Blood(Fig. 11.1, p. 287)TA 142(Fig. 11.6, p. 292)

  3. Plasma

    1. Characteristics
    2. Composition (Fig. 11.1, Table 11.1, p. 287) TA 142

  4. Formed Elements (Fig. 11.1, Table 11.2, p. 287-88) TA 142

    1. Production (hematopoiesis) (Fig. 11.2, p. 289)TA 143
    2. Erythrocytes (Fig. 11.3, p. 290)

      1. Function
      2. Life historyH SST/4: See Fig. 19.4, p. 583

        1. Production (Fig. 11.4, p. 291)TA 144
        2. Breakdown (Fig. 11.5, p. 292)TA 145

    3. White blood cells (leukocytes) (Fig. 11.6, p. 292)

      1. Granulocytes

        1. Neutrophils
        2. Basophils
        3. Eosinophils

      2. Agranulocytes

        1. Monocytes and macrophages
        2. Lymphocytes

    4. Platelets

  5. Preventing Blood Loss

    1. Platelet plugs (Fig. 11.7, p. 293)TA 146
    2. Blood clotting (Fig. 11.8, p. 294)TA 147

      1. Stage 1 - prothrombinaseHSST/4: See Table 19.3, p. 590
      2. Stage 2 - Prothrombin thrombin
      3. Stage 3 - Fibrinogen fibrin

    3. Control of clot formation antithrombin
    4. Clot dissolution(Fig. 11.9, p. 295)

  6. Blood Grouping

    1. General principles

      1. Transfusion reactions
      2. Antigens and antibodies
      3. Agglutination and hemolysis (Fig. 11.11, p. 297)TA 149

    2. ABO blood group (Fig. 11.10, p. 297)TA 148
    3. Rh blood group

      1. Incompatibility
      2. HDN (erythroblastosis fetalis) (Fig. 11.12, p. 298)TA 150

  7. Diagnostic Blood Tests

    1. Type and crossmatch
    2. Complete blood count

      1. RBC count
      2. Hemoglobin measurement
      3. Hematocrit measurement (Fig. 11.13, p. 300)
      4. WBC count
      5. WBC differential count
      6. Clotting

        1. Platelet count
        2. Prothrombin time measurement

      7. Blood chemistry

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