Essentials of Anatomy & Physiology   3/e   Seeley/Stephens/Tate
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Chapter 12: The Heart


Chapter Outline

Chapter 12: The Heart

  1. The Cardiovascular System (Fig. 12.1, 12.2, p. 306-307)

  2. Functions of the Heart

    1. Generating blood pressure
    2. Routing blood
    3. Ensuring one-way blood flow
    4. Regulating blood supply

  3. Size, Form, and Location of the Heart (Fig. 12.3, p. 308)TA 151 HSST/4: See Fig. 20.2b, p. 605

  4. Anatomy of the Heart

    1. Pericardium (Fig. 12.4, p. 309)TA 152

      1. Fibrous pericardium
      2. Serous pericardium

        1. Parietal pericardium
        2. Visceral pericardium (epicardium)

      3. Pericardial cavity and fluid

    2. External anatomy (Fig. 12.5, p. 310)TA 153

      1. Sulci
      2. Veins
      3. Arteries

    3. Blood supply to the heart (Fig. 12.6, p. 311)TA 154

      1. Coronary arteries
      2. Cardiac veins

    4. Heart chambers (Fig. 12.7, p. 312)TA 155

      1. Atria
      2. Ventricles
      3. Septa
      4. Major vessels

    5. Heart valves (Fig. 12.8, p. 313)TA 156

      1. Atrioventricular

        1. Tricuspid
        2. Bicuspid (mitral)

      2. Semilunar

        1. Pulmonary semilunar
        2. Aortic semilunar

      3. Papillary muscles and chordae tendineae
      4. Skeleton of the heart (Fig. 12.9, p. 313)

  5. Route of Blood Flow Through the Heart (Fig. 12.7, p. 312)

    1. Entry
    2. Exit

  6. Heart Wall and Cardiac Muscle

    1. Heart wall (Fig. 12.10, p. 314)

      1. Epicardium (visceral pericardium)
      2. Myocardium
      3. Endocardium

    2. Cardiac muscle characteristics (Fig. 12.11, p. 315)TA 157

      1. Intercalated disks
      2. Cells, myofibrils, myofilaments, and sarcomeres

  7. Electrical Activity of the Heart

    1. Comparison of skeletal and cardiac muscle (Fig. 12.12, p. 316)
    2. Conduction system of the heart (Fig. 12.13, p. 317)TA 158

      1. SA node (pacemaker)
      2. AV node
      3. Atrioventricular bundle
      4. Left and right bundle branches
      5. Purkinje fibers

    3. Electrocardiogram (Fig. 12.14, p. 318)

      1. P wave
      2. QRS complex
      3. T wave
      4. P-Q (P-R) interval
      5. Q-T interval
      6. Cardiac arrhythmias (Table 12.1, p. 319)

  8. Cardiac cycle (Fig. 12.15, p. 320)TA 159

    1. Atrial systole and diastole HSST/4: See Fig. 20.17, p. 622
    2. Ventricular systole and diastole Table 20.2, p. 623-624

  9. Heart Sounds

    1. First heart sound
    2. Second heart sound
    3. Murmurs HSST/2: See Table 20.2, p. 633-634

      1. Incompetent valves
      2. Stenosed valves

  10. Regulation of Heart Function

    1. Cardiac output
    2. Intrinsic regulation of the heart (Fig. 12.16, p. 323)

      1. Preload and afterload
      2. Starling's law of the heart

    3. Extrinsic regulation of the heart (Fig. 12.17, p. 324-26) TA 160 162

      1. Sympathetic and parasympathetic
      2. Baroreceptor reflex
      3. Cardioregulatory center
      4. Epinephrine and norepinephrine
      5. Chemoreceptors in medulla oblongata
      6. Emotions
      7. Ions
      8. Body temperature

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