Essentials of Anatomy & Physiology   3/e   Seeley/Stephens/Tate
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Chapter 13: Blood Vessels and Circulation


Chapter Outline

Chapter 13: Blood Vessels and Circulation

  1. Functions of the Peripheral Circulation

    1. Carry blood
    2. Exchange nutrients and gas
    3. Transport
    4. Regulate blood pressure
    5. Direct blood flow

  2. General Features of Blood Vessel Structure

    1. Layers (Fig. 13.1, 13.2, p. 337-38) TA 163

      1. Tunica intima
      2. Tunica media
      3. Tunica adventitia (external)

    2. Vessels

      1. Elastic arteries
      2. Muscular arteries

        1. Distributing (medium-sized) arteries
        2. Small diameter arteries

      3. Arterioles
      4. Capillaries (Fig. 13.3, 13.4, p. 338-39) TA 164
      5. Venules and small veins
      6. Medium-sized veins
      7. Large veins
      8. Valves

    3. Aging of arteries

      1. Arteriosclerosis
      2. Atherosclerosis (Fig. 13.5, p. 339)

  3. Blood Vessels of the Pulmonary Circulation (Fig. 13.6, p. 341)TA 165

    1. Pulmonary trunk and arteries
    2. Pulmonary veins

  4. Blood Vessels of the Systemic Circulation: Arteries (Fig. 13.6, 13.7, p. 341-42)

    1. Aorta (Fig. 13.8, p. 343) TA 166, 167

      1. Ascending aorta
      2. Aortic arch
      3. Descending aorta

        1. Thoracic aorta
        2. Abdominal aorta

    2. Arteries of the head and neck (Fig. 13.9, Table 13.1, p. 344-45) TA 168

      1. Brachiocephalic artery

        1. Right common carotid artery

          1. Right internal carotid artery
          2. Right external carotid artery

        2. Right subclavian artery

          1. Right vertebral artery

      2. Left common carotid artery

        1. Left internal carotid artery
        2. Left external carotid artery

      3. Left subclavian artery

        1. Left vertebral artery

    3. Arteries supplying the brain (Fig. 13.9, Table 13.1, p. 344-45)

      1. Internal carotid arteriesHSST/4: See Fig. 21.8, p. 649
      2. Vertebral arteries
      3. Circle of Willis

    4. Arteries of the upper limbs (Fig. 13.7, p. 342, Table 13.1, p. 345)

      1. Subclavian arteriesHSST/4: See Fig. 21.10, p. 652
      2. Axillary arteries
      3. Brachial arteries
      4. Radial and ulnar arteries

    5. Branches of the thoracic aorta (Fig. 13.8, p. 343) TA 166, 167

      1. Visceral arteries
      2. Parietal arteries

    6. Branches of the abdominal aorta (Fig. 13.8 Table 13.1, p. 344-45) TA 166, 167

      1. Celiac artery HSST/4: See Fig. 21.9, p. 650
      2. Superior mesenteric artery
      3. Inferior mesenteric artery

    7. Arteries of the pelvis (Fig. 13.7, Table 13.1, p. 342-345)

      1. Common iliac arteries

        1. external iliac arteries
        2. internal iliac arteries

    8. Arteries of the lower limbs (Fig. 13.7, p. 342)

      1. External iliac arteries HSST/4: See Fig. 21.13, p. 655

        1. femoral arteries
        2. popliteal arteries

  5. Systemic Circulation Veins (Fig. 13.10, p. 346)

    1. Veins of the head and neck (Fig. 13.11, p. 347)TA 169

      1. External jugular veinsHSST/4: See Fig. 21.19, p. 660
      2. Internal jugular veins
      3. Subclavian veins
      4. Brachiocephalic veins
      5. Superior vena cava

    2. Veins of the upper limbs(Fig. 13.10, p. 346)

      1. Deep veinsHSST/4: See Fig. 21.21, p. 661

        1. brachial veins
        2. axillary veins

      2. Superficial veins

        1. cephalic veins
        2. basilic veins
        3. median cubital veins
        4. axillary veins

    3. Veins of the thorax (Fig. 13.12, p. 348)TA 170

      1. Brachiocephalic veins
      2. Azygos vein
      3. Hemiazygos vein

    4. Veins of the abdomen and pelvis (Fig. 13.10, p.346 Table 13.2, p. 348)

      1. Abdomen

        1. Hepatic portal system (Fig. 13.13, Table 13.3, p. 349-350) TA 171
        2. Renal, suprarenal, and gonadal veins

      2. Pelvis

        1. External iliac veins
        2. Internal iliac veins
        3. Common iliac veins

    5. Veins of the lower limbs(Fig. 13.10, p. 346)

      1. Great saphenous veinsHSST/4: See Fig. 21.26, p. 667
      2. Small saphenous veins
      3. Popliteal veins
      4. Femoral veins
      5. External iliac veins

  6. The Physiology of Circulation

    1. Blood pressure (Table 13.4, p. 352)

      1. Systolic pressure
      2. Diastolic pressure
      3. Auscultatory measurement (Fig. 13.14, p. 351)TA 172

        1. Sphygmomanometer
        2. Korotkoff sounds

    2. Pressure and resistance (Fig. 13.15, p. 353)
    3. Pulse pressure and pulse (Fig. 13.16, p. 353)
    4. Capillary exchange (Fig. 13.17, p. 354)TA 173

  7. Control of Blood Flow in Tissues (Table 13.5, p. 356)

    1. Local control precapillary sphincters (Fig. 13.18, p. 355)
    2. Nervous control of blood vessels (Fig. 13.19, p. 357)TA 174

  8. Regulation of Arterial Pressure

    1. Peripheral resistance
    2. Baroreceptor reflexes (Fig. 13.20, p. 357-58)TA 175
    3. Chemoreceptor reflexes (Fig. 13.21, p. 359) TA 176
    4. Hormonal mechanisms (Fig. 13.22, p. 360-61) TA 177 179

      1. Adrenal medullary mechanism
      2. Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone mechanism

    5. Short-term regulation
    6. Long-term regulation (Fig. 13.23, p. 362)

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