Essentials of Anatomy & Physiology   3/e   Seeley/Stephens/Tate
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Chapter 14: The Lymphatic System and Immunity


Chapter Outline

Chapter 14: The Lymphatic System and Immunity

  1. Functions of the Lymphatic System

    1. Fluid balance
    2. Fat absorption
    3. Defense

  2. Lymphatic System (Fig. 14.1, p. 369)

    1. Functions
    2. Lymphatic vessels (Fig. 14.2, p. 369)TA 180

      1. Capillaries
      2. Vessels
      3. Right lymphatic duct (Fig. 14.3, p. 370)
      4. Thoracic duct

    3. Lymphatic organs

      1. Tonsils (Fig. 14.4, p. 370)

        1. Palatine tonsils
        2. Pharyngeal tonsils
        3. Lingual tonsils

      2. Lymph nodes (Fig. 14.5, p. 371)
      3. Spleen (Fig. 14.6, p. 371)
      4. ThymusHSST/4: See Fig. 22.6, p. 703

  3. Immunity

    1. Innate immunity
    2. Adaptive immunity

      1. Specificity
      2. Memory

  4. Innate Immunity

    1. Mechanical mechanisms

      1. Skin and mucous membranes
      2. Tears, saliva, and urine
      3. Coughing and sneezing

    2. Chemical mediators HSST/4: See Table 22.1, p. 704

      1. Lysozyme
      2. Histamine, prostaglandins, leukotrienes
      3. ComplementHSST/4: See Fig. 22.7, p. 706
      4. Interferons

    3. CellsHSST/4: See Table 22.2, p. 707

      1. Neutrophils
      2. Macrophages
      3. Basophils
      4. Mast cells
      5. Eosinophils
      6. Natural killer cells

    4. Inflammatory response (Fig. 14.7, p. 374)

      1. Effects

        1. Vasodilation
        2. Attraction of phagocytes
        3. Increased vascular permeability
        4. Symptoms

      2. Local inflammation
      3. Systemic inflammation

  5. Adaptive Immunity (Table 14.1, p. 377)

    1. Cell recognition antigens

      1. Foreign antigens
      2. Self-antigens
      3. Autoimmune disease

    2. Origin and development of lymphocytes (Fig. 14.8, p. 376)

      1. T cells
      2. B cells

    3. Activation and multiplication of lymphocytes (Fig. 14.9, p. 378)TA 181

      1. Activation of lymphocytes by antigens

        1. Processing of antigenHSST/4: See Fig. 22.12, p. 712
        2. Presenting antigenHSST/4: See Fig. 22.13, p. 713
        3. Production of antibodies

    4. Antibody-mediated immunity (B cells) (Fig. 14.10, p. 379)TA 182

      1. Antibodies (Fig. 14.11, p. 380)TA 183

        1. Structure (Table 14.2, p. 380)
        2. Effects (Fig. 14.12, p. 381)TA 184
        3. Production (Fig. 14.13, p. 382)TA 185

      2. Primary response
      3. Secondary response

        1. Plasma cells
        2. B memory cells

    5. Cell-mediated immunity (T cells)(Fig. 14.14, p. 382)TA 186

      1. Cytotoxic T cells

        1. Cytokines (lymphokines)HSST/4: See Table 22.4, p. 740
        2. Cell lysis

      2. Memory T cells

  6. Immune interactions (Fig. 14.15, p. 384)TA 187

  7. Immunotherapy

  8. Acquired Immunity(Fig. 14.16, p. 385)

    1. Active natural immunity
    2. Active artificial immunity vaccination
    3. Passive natural immunity
    4. Passive artificial immunity antiserum

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