Essentials of Anatomy & Physiology   3/e   Seeley/Stephens/Tate
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Chapter 20: Development, Heredity, and Aging


Chapter Outline

Chapter 20: Development, Heredity, and Aging

  1. Prenatal Development

    1. Zygote (Fig. 20.1, p. 542)
    2. Early cell divisions
    3. Blastocyst and inner cell mass (Fig. 20.2, p. 543)
    4. Implantation of the blastocyst and development of the placenta (Fig. 20.3, p. 543)TA 243

      1. Chorion and placenta
      2. Hormones (Fig. 20.4, p. 544)

    5. Formation of germ layers(Fig. 20.5, p. 545)TA 244

      1. Yolk sac (Table 20.1, p. 546)
      2. Amniotic cavity
      3. Embryonic disk (Fig. 20.6, p. 547)TA 245

        1. Ectoderm
        2. Endoderm
        3. Mesoderm

    6. Neural tube and neural crest formation (Fig. 20.7, p. 547)
    7. Formation of general body structure (Fig. 20.8, p. 548)

      1. Development of the face (Fig. 20.9, p. 549)

    8. Development of organ systems(Table 20.2, p. 550-51) HSST/4: See Fig. 29.12, 29.13, 29.14,p. 968-970

      1. Development of the digestive tract (Fig. 20.10, p. 552)

        1. Outpocketings (Fig. 20.11, p. 552)

      2. Heart (Fig. 20.12, p. 553)

    9. Growth of the fetus (Fig. 20.13, p. 554)

  2. Parturition (Fig. 20.14, p. 555)TA 246

    1. Stages of labor

      1. First stage
      2. Second stage
      3. Third stage
      4. Factors influencing parturition (Fig. 20.15, p. 556)TA 247

  3. The Newborn

    1. Respiratory and circulatory changes (Fig. 20.16, p. 558-59) TA 148, 249
    2. Digestive changes

  4. Lactation

    1. Hormones (Fig. 20.17, p. 559)TA 250
    2. Colostrum

  5. First Year Following Birth

    1. Changes

  6. Life Stages

    1. Germinal period
    2. Embryo
    3. Fetus
    4. Neonate
    5. Infant
    6. Child
    7. Adolescent
    8. Adult

  7. Aging

    1. Changes
    2. Causes

  8. Death

    1. Causes
    2. Definition

  9. Genetics

    1. Chromosomes

      1. DNA
      2. Somatic cells karyotypes (Fig. 20.18, p. 562)

        1. Autosomal chromosomes
        2. Sex chromosomes

      3. Sex determination (Fig. 20.19, p. 562)
      4. Meiosis homologous pairs

    2. Genes

      1. Heterozygous and homozygous
      2. Dominant and recessive (Fig. 20.20, p 564)
      3. Genotype and phenotype
      4. X-linked (Fig. 20.21, p. 564)
      5. Incomplete dominance
      6. Codominance
      7. Polygenic traits (Fig. 20.22, p. 565)

    3. Genetic Disorders

      1. Mutations
      2. Oncogenes and cancer
      3. Genetic susceptibility

    4. Genetic counseling

      1. Pedigree (Fig. 20.23, p. 565)
      2. Karyotype
      3. Other testing

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