The following links connect you to multimedia animations and movies related to many topics in the textbook. Many are QuickTime videos and require the appropriate QT plug-ins to play properly. Most of these movies are not on the McGraw-Hill server, and download times will vary. Please be patient.

These links were compiled by John M. Kemner at the University of Washington.

http://bargmann.ucsf.edu/media/confocal.gif
3D reconstruction of a worm expressing the ceh-23::gfp transgene, which labels neurons of the C. elegans amphid sensory system.
Courtesy of the laboratory of Cori Bargmann, Tim Yu.

http://bama.ua.edu/~gcaldwel/videos.html

1. video of wild-type C. elegans embryo undergoing its initial cell division
2. video of nud-1 RNAi-treated C. elegans embryo
3. video of lis-1 RNAi-treated C. elegans embryo

http://www.nyu.edu/projects/fitch
Development of C. elegans mail tail.

http://www.nyu.edu/projects/fitch/TipCells.qt
movie showing how the 4 tail tip cells are put together

http://www.nyu.edu/projects/fitch/Retractn.qt
movie showing how these cells fuse and change shape
Courtesy Dr. David Fitch, New York University

http://www.mhhe.com/biosci/cellmicro/kalthoff/student/anims/4-adultweb2.mov
video of C. elegans development from 4-cell to adult
Courtesy Richard M. Gronostajski, Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, and Department of Biochemistry Case Western Reserve University

http://www.indiana.edu/~elegans/Video_archive/video_archive.html
Six videos of germline development in C. elegans.

1. P-granules in a one-cell embryo
2. P-granules in a two-cell embryo
3. P-granules in a four-cell embryo
4. P-granules in a mes-1 mutant at 4-cell stage
5. P-granules in a Cytochalasin-treated Embryo
6. P-granules in a Nocodazole-treated Embryo

http://mendel.genetics.washington.edu/~berglab/
Select "movies" to enter the Drosophila oogenesis cinema. Several movies are available of dorsal follicle cell migrations. These migrations, coupled with secretions of eggshell proteins, are responsible for the formation of the dorsal respiratory appendages.
Courtesy Celeste Berg and co-workers in the Genetics Department at the University of Washington.

http://hamon.swmed.edu/~jwaddle/movies/images_movies.html
videos of the behavior of histone tagged with Green Fluorescent Protein during embryogenesis of C. elegans.s
Courtesy James A. Waddle, Dept. of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center

http://www.mcb.arizona.edu/wardlab/gallery.html
Research in the Ward Lab focuses on an extraordinary cell: the sperm cell of a microscopic worm, called Caenorhabditis elegans. Nine movies of various aspects of C. elegans spermiogenesis are available.

1. Worms Do It : a passionate moment
2. A Closer Look
3. Lunch Time : grazing on bacteria
4. Crawling Sperm
5. Microinjecting DNA into a worm
6. Major Sperm Protein 3D Displayer
7. Treadmilling Sperm
8. Spermiogenesis
9. Dividing Secondary Spermatocyte

http://sdb.bio.purdue.edu/dbcinema/kaufman/kaufman.html
The Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila genes and their roles in development presents FLY MORPH-O-GENESIS - Thom Kaufman, Rudi Turner, Michale Kaufmann, Jeffrey Giacoletti, and Chris Macri "morphed" together a series of Rudi Turner's S.E.M. images of Drosophila embryos to make "movies" of wild type and mutant fly embryogenesis. These sequences show the uninitiated how fly embryogenesis proceeds. Movies of actual fly embryogenesis often lack detail due to the opacity of the embryo. The SEM images show more detail and give the student a better sense of the morphogenetic movements involved in gastrulation and head involution. Admittedly the morphing process does not absolutely reflect all of the precise movements, but it does give the student an idea of the gestalt of embryogenesis.

1. Gastrulation, Lateral View, Wild Type / Showing: Pole Cell Migration; Germ Band Extension; Segmentation; Germ Band Shortening
2. Gastrulation, Ventral View, Wild Type /Showing: Mesoderm Invagination
3. Gastrulation, Dorsal View, Wild Type /Showing: Pole Cell Migration; Germ Band Extension; Segmentation; Germ Band Shortening; Dorsal Closure
4. Head Involution, Ventral View, Wild Type / Showing: Migration of Gnathal Segments
5. Gastrulation, Lateral View, fushi tarazu (ftz) Mutant /Showing: Pole Cell Migration; Germ Band Extension; Abnormal Segmentation; Germ Band Shortening
6. Gastrulation, Dorsal View, bicoid (bcd) Mutant /Showing: Pole Cell Migration; Germ Band Extension; Segmentation; Germ Band Shortening; Dorsal Closure

http://www.biology.ucsc.edu/people/sullivan/MP.html
Movies of the dynamics in early Drosophila embryogenesis. The movies on this page were constructed from time lapse images of living embryos

1. This series demonstrates microtubule dynamics during one complete cell cycle. Note the prominant midbody structure and centrosome duplication/migration during late anaphase and telophase.
2. This series dramatically demonstrates the mitotic wave.
3. This is a close up of centrosome migration and spindle formation in the mutant line grapes.
4. This series demonstrates the effects of X-ray damage on embryonic nuclei. X-rays induce single and double stranded DNA lesions, resulting in extensive mitotic difficulties. Telophase nuclei can be seen here to snap back and fuse, becoming tetraploid. These nuclei will attemp to enter another mitotic cycle, and will fail even more drastically.
5. This series shows multiple rounds of nuclear division in a wild-type embryo, over a period of approximately forty minutes.
6. This sequence shows 1 round of mitosis at cycle 12. The protein grapes is visualized by a grapes-GFP fusion protein (green) and the spindle is visualized by injection of rhodamine-labelled tubulin.

http://www.neuro.uoregon.edu/doelab//anim8.html
Three animations of neural development in Drosophila embryo.

1. The first animation shows the delamination of a neuroblast from ventral neuroectodermal cells in the Drosophila embryonic CNS.
2. This animation starts looking at a whole embryo and zooms into a single segment in the developing neuroectoderm. The neuroblasts in the segment delaminate and we focus on the neuroblasts MP2 and 4-2 (red). These divide to form vMP2 (yellow) and dMP2 (orange) interneurons and the RP2 motoneuron (purple).
3. The third animation deals with the asymmetric localization of the proteins Prospero (Pros, red), Inscuteable (Insc, blue) and Numb (green) in an asymmetrically dividing neuroblast

http://www.welc.cam.ac.uk/~dstjlab/images.html
Movie of mRNA partitioning in Drosophila oogenesis.
Website created by Hernàn Lopez-Schier
Courtesy Daniel St. Johnston, Wellcome/ CRC Institute, Cambridge

http://www.stanford.edu/group/Urchin/ani-plus.htm
Sea Urchin Embryology (SUE) site has descriptive materials in both English and Spanish for 24 animations and 3 time lapse videos.

1. Injecting an adult sea urchin to induce spawning
2. spawning female sea urchin
3. spawning male sea urchin
4. 3 D sperm motility
5. 2 D sperm motility
6. Acrosome reaction in sea urchin sperm as it approaches egg
7. Role of NO at fertilization
8. 2 dimensional representation of exocytosis
9. Too many sperm result in polyspermy
10. Just the right amount of sperm equals successful fertilization
11. Too few sperm and eggs are not fertilized
12. Normal development to blastula
13. Polyspermic development
14. Early events at fertilization in sea urchins
15. Closeup of centrosome and chromosomes during mitosis
16. Normal fertilization to four cell
17. Shows how unequal cell division might occur
18. Shows how early cell divisions in insects occur
19. Growth and division in egg/embryos and somatic cells
20. From blastula to pluteus
21. From one cell to urchin, a slide show
22. Fertilization in normal, non-toxic environment
23. Fertilization in a toxic environment
24. Powers of 2, to show effects of population increase

1. Movie of single cell to four cell in sea urchin
2. Movie of nuclear migration is sea urchin
3. Movie of early fertilization & development in sea urchin

http://depts.washington.edu/fishscop/Boss/pages/movie_pages/3D/3-DMovies.html
The Fishscope site has 3-D Movies of Zebrafish Gastrulation.

1. Hypoblast formation in lateral germ ring : involution or ingression?
2. Shield formation at 60% epiboly
3. Movement of cells in the hypoblast during mid-gastrulation

http://glamdring.ucsd.edu/others/dsmith/anp2v3.html
Movies of Dictyostelium development.

1. cell movement in a two-dimensional mound in Dictyostelium. The cells all carry an act15::car1-gfp expression plasmid which results in the targeting of fluorescence to the plasma membrane.
2. cell rotation within an aggregate of strain AK631 Dictyostelium. Cell rotation also occurs in aggregates defective in cAMP synthesis. AK631 cells are acaA minus and carry act15::pkaC (Wang and Kuspa, 1997).
3. directional resolution of cell movement in a two-dimensional mound in Dictyostelium. The cells carry a cotB::gfp expression plasmid which results in specific fluorescent marking of the prespore cells. The movie shows the final streaming of cells into a developing aggregate followed by the reorganization of initially uncoordinated cell movement into coherent rotation.
4. cell sorting in a two-dimensional mound of Dictyostelium. The cells carry an expression plasmid containing tagB::gfp which gives prestalk specific expression of gfp.
5. cell sorting and the development of a slug-like structure that migrates. Cells carry expression plasmids containing cotB::gfp which results in the prespore specific expression of gfp.
6. alternative configuration leading to cell sorting and slug development. The aggregate first becomes a two-dimensional toroidal mound. Cells carry cotB::gfp containing expression plasmids which result in the prespore specific expression of gfp.

http://www.duke.edu/web/microlabs/endow/moviepage.html
The movies on this site were created from data collected during an analysis of a fusion of the Ncd microtubule motor protein to the green fluorescent protein (GFP) of the jellyfish, A. victoria. The analysis was carried out in live Drososphila embryos to determine the effects of the Ncd-GFP motor on mitotic spindle dynamics.

1. Mitotic spindles visualized with Ncd-GFP in a cleavage stage Drosophila embryo
2. Ncd-GFP distribution in metaphase spindles differs from that of tubulin
3. Spindle fibers associated with Ncd-GFP extend across the chromosomes in metaphase
4. Embryos mutant for ncd-gfp* show spindle abnormalities in mitosis
5. Chromosome mis-segregation and loss in an ncd-gfp* mutant embryo

http://www.bio.umass.edu/biology/karlstrom/karlstrom.mov
A flipbook of zebrafish embryogenesis. Karlstrom RO, Kane DA (1996) Development 123:461
Courtesy Rolf Karlstrom, Morrill Science Center, University of Massachusetts, Amherst