| acute
viral gastroenteritis |
An
inflammation of the stomach and intestines, normally caused by Norwalk and Norwalklike
viruses, other caliciviruses, rotaviruses, and astroviruses. (p. 760) |
| AIDS (acquired
immune deficiency syndrome) |
An infectious disease
syndrome caused by the human immunodeficiency virus and is characterized by the loss of a
normal immune response, followed by increased susceptibility to opportunistic infections
and an increased risk of some cancers. (p. 746) |
| common
cold |
An
acute, self-limiting, and highly contagious virus infection of the upper respiratory tract
that produces inflammation, profuse discharge, and other symptoms. (p. 753) |
| cold
sore |
sore A
lesion caused by the herpes simplex virus; usually occurs on the border of the lips or
nares. Also known as a fever blister or herpes labialis. (p. 752) |
| coryza |
See
common cold. (p. 753) |
| Dane
particle |
A 42 nm spherical
particle that is one of three that are seen in hepatitis B virus infections. The Dane
particle is the complete virion. (p. 758) |
| Delta
agent |
A
defective RNA virus that is transmitted as an infectious agent, but cannot cause disease
unless the individual is also infected with the hepatitis B virus. See hepatitis
D. (p. 760) |
| erythema
infectiosum |
A disease in children
caused by the parvovirus B19. This disease is common in children between 4 and 11 years of
age and is sometimes called fifth disease, since it was the fifth of six erythematous rash
diseases in children in an older classification. (p. 756) |
| hantavirus
pulmonary syndrome |
The
disease in humans caused by the pulmonary syndrome hantavirus. Deer mice shed the virus in
their feces, humans inhale the virus and first develop ordinary flulike aches and pains.
Within a few days the hantavirus causes lung damage and capillary leakage. After about a
week the infected person enters a crisis phase and may die. (p. 745) |
| hemorrhagic
fevers |
A fever usually caused
by a specific virus that may lead to hemorrhage, shock, and sometimes
death. (p. 745) |
| hepatitis |
Any
infection that results in inflammation of the liver. Also refers to liver inflammation as
such. (p. 758) |
| human
immunodeficiency virus (HIV) |
A lentivirus of the
family Retroviridae that is associated with the onset of AIDS. (p. 746) |
| human
parvovirus B19 |
The
human parvovirus B19 belongs to the family Parvoviridae, genus Parvovirus. B19 virions are
uniform, unenveloped particles approximately 23 nm in diameter with a single-stranded DNA
genome. There is a spectrum of disease caused by this virus ranging from mild symptoms in
normal persons to more serious diseases in compromised individuals. (p. 756) |
| infectious
mononucleosis (mono) |
An acute, self-limited
infectious disease of the lymphatic system caused by the Epstein-Barr virus and
characterized by fever, sore throat, lymph node and spleen swelling, and the proliferation
of monocytes and abnormal lymphocytes. (p. 757) |
| influenza
or flu |
An
acute viral infection of the respiratory tract, occurring in isolated cases, epidemics,
and pandemics. Influenza is caused by three strains of influenza virus, labeled types A,
B, and C, based on the antigens of their protein coats. (p. 740) |
| leukemia |
A progressive,
malignant disease of blood-forming organs, marked by distorted proliferation and
development of leukocytes and their precursors in the blood and bone marrow. Certain
leukemias are caused by viruses (HTLV-1, HTLV-2). (p. 756) |
| measles
(rubeola) |
A
highly contagious skin disease that is endemic throughout the world. It is caused by a
morbilli virus in the family Paramyxoviridae, which enters the body through the
respiratory tract or through the conjunctiva. (p. 741) |
| mumps |
An acute generalized
disease that occurs primarily in school-age children and is caused by a paramyxovirus that
is transmitted in saliva and respiratory droplets. The principal manifestation is swelling
of the parotid salivary glands. (p. 742) |
| poliomyelitis |
An
acute, contagious viral disease that attacks the central nervous system, injuring or
destroying the nerve cells that control the muscles and sometimes causing paralysis; also
called polio or infantile paralysis. (p. 761) |
| rabies |
An acute infectious
disease of the central nervous system, which affects all warm-blooded animals (including
humans). It is caused by an ssRNA virus belonging to the genus Lyssavirus in the family
Rhabdoviridae. (p. 757) |
| Reye’s
syndrome |
An
acute, potentially fatal disease of childhood that is characterized by severe edema of the
brain and increased intracranial pressure, vomiting, hypoglycemia, and liver dysfunction.
The cause is unknown but is almost always associated with a previous viral infection
(e.g., influenza or varicella-zoster virus infections). (p. 742) |
