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Molecular Biology 2nd Edition Robert F. Weaver | ||||||
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Molecular Biology 2nd Edition Robert F. Weaver | ||||||
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Chapter 16
- RNA editing can occur in ways other than adding and removing UMPs from an RNA. Bourara et al. show that G's can be converted to A's, and C's to U's in human immunodeficiency virus transcripts. Such changes can create stop codons in HIV mRNAs and thereby control gene expression. (Bourara, K, S. Litvak, and A. Araya. 2000. Generation of G-to-A and C-to-U changes in HIH-1 transcripts by RNA editing. Science 289:1564-66)
- RNA editing can also involve adenosine deamination, catalyzed by adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR). Higuchi et al. created mice with the ADAR2 gene knocked out. These animals showed markedly reduced adenosine deamination in their RNAs. The mutant mice experience seizures and died at a young age. Thus, RNA editing by adenosine deamination is important in mammals. (Higuchi, M. S. Maas, F.N. Single, J. Hartner, A. Rozov, N. Burnashev, D. Feldmeyer, R. Sprengel, and P.H. Seeburg. Nature 406:78-81)
- The first step in RNA interference appears to be the digestion of double-stranded RNA from a virus, a transposon, or a transgene, into short pieces, about 22 nt in length. Bernstein et al. have identified the nuclease that carries out this first step in fruit flies, and have named it Dicer. (Bernstein, E., AA. Caudy, S.M. Hammond, and G.J. Hannon. 2001. Role for a bidentate ribonuclease in the initiation step of RNA interference. Nature 409:363-66)
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