At the ecosystem level of organization, environmental scientists track the flow of energy and matter on a large scale. In a terrestrial ecosystem, energy from the sun is used by plants (also called primary producers or autotrophs) which feed a variety of grazing organisms (also called herbivores or primary consumers). In turn, these organisms are food for predators/secondary consumers such as foxes and hawks. Ultimately, as terrestrial organisms die, they contribute to below-ground interactions in the decomposer loop, or detritus web. The ecosystem approach focuses less on individual organisms or communities and looks more at how the entire landscape functions. |