A. Multiple Choice: Select the best answer for each question.
1. Which of the cranial nerves has branches that connect with internal body organs such as the heart, lungs, and digestive organs? ____
a. trigeminal
b. oculomotor
c. vestibulocochlear
d. abducens
e. vagus
2. Cerebrospinal fluid circulates around the brain in a compartment known as the ____ .
a. subventricular cavity
b. subarachnoid space
c. cranial meatus
d. supraneural compartment
e. dorsal cavity
3. Which statement pertaining to the blood-brain barrier is correct? ____
a. No arteries or veins pass into or exit from brain tissue.
b. Brain cells obtain their nutrients from cerebrospinal fluid only, not from blood.
c. Brain capillaries are much less permeable than most body capillaries.
d. Nutrients easily pass from capillaries into neurons, but waste products do not.
e. The blood pressure in brain arteries has to be much higher than in other arteries to move blood through the brain region.
4. Which brain structure performs a major role in helping us to awaken from sleep? ____
a. reticular activating system
b. corpus callosum
c. Wernickets area of the cortex
d. Broca's area of the cortex
e. the satiety center of the hypothalamus
5. The.heavily myelinated regions of the cerebrum are often referred to as ____ .
a. ganglia
b. vital control centers
c. the limbic system
d. white matter
e. gray matter
6. Which statement concerning the primary sensory area of the cortex is correct? ____
a. This is where nerve fibers "cross-over" from one hemisphere to the other.
b. Nerve impulses which initiate voluntary muscle contractions originate here.
c. Impulses coming from larger body regions such as the torso and legs, use larger portions of this area than impulses coming from smaller body regions.
d. Impulses coming from more sensitive regions such as the fingertips and face use larger portions of this area compared to impulses from less sensitive areas.
e. this region interprets all sensory information entering the body.
7. Which statement concerning the primary motor area of the cortex is correct? ____
a. All involuntary and voluntary muscle actions are initiated in this region.
b. Larger portions of this area are devoted to body parts capable of precise and delicate movements.
c. Larger portions of this area are devoted to activating the largest body muscles, such as those of the upper legs.
d. This region initiates involuntary muscle actions, but not voluntary muscle actions.
e. This region is located in the occipital lobe of the cortex.
8. Consolidation of memory seems to be associated with which region of the limbic system?
a. amygdala
b. pons
c. hippocampus
d. caudate nucleus
e. hypothalamus
9. In comparison to the "female" brain, the "male" brain appears to better excel at which of the following? ____
a. learning a new language
b. scoring higher on spelling tests
c. better controlling precise muscle actions of the fingers
d. interpreting visual images at night
e. mentally rotating objects in space and predicting their new configuration
10. Which neurotransmitter has a potent pain relieving effect? ____
a. dopamine
b. enkephalin
c. norepinephrine
d. GABA
e. acetylcholine
11. Which brain waves are common in young children and in sleeping adults? ____
a. gamma
b. beta
c. alpha
d. delta
e. theta
12. Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep usually occurs following reentry to ____ .
a. Stage 1 sleep
b. Stage 2 sleep
c. Stage 3 sleep
d. Stage 4 sleep
e. any of the above stages after leaving a previous stage
13. A stroke is technically known as a (an) ____ .
a. concussion
b. organic brain syndrome
c. coma
d. cerebrovascular accident
e. convulsion
B. Comparisons
1. The hindbrain is to the _______ as the forebrain is to the _______ .
a. pons; cerebellum
b. medulla; thalamus
c. thalamus; medulla
d. cerebrum; hypothalamus
e. cerebral cortex; cerebrum
2. The vagus nerves are to the cranial nerves as the _______ is to the meninges.
a. hippocampus
b. cerebellum
c. medulla
d. spinal nerve
e. dura mater
3. Acetylcholine is to Alzheimer's disease as _______ is to Parkinson's disease.
a. amyloid
b. endorphin
c. dopamine
d. serotonin
e. CSF
4. The limbic system is to emotions as the hypothalamus is to ______ .
a. balance and equilibrium
b. vision
c. hearing
d. temperature control
e. long-term memory
5. The right cerebral hemisphere is to music as the left cerebral hemisphere is to _______ .
a. math
b. depth perception
c. art
d. sculpting
e. visual patterns
6. ______ waves are to being alert as ______ waves are to sleep.
a. alpha; beta
b. gamma; delta
c. beta; delta
d. delta; beta
e. delta; theta
C. Matching: Match each term with its definition or best description.
| ____ 1. The toughest, outermost layer of the meninges | a. Wernicke's area |
| ____ 2. The thin, innermost layer of the meninges | b. cerebrum |
| ____ 3. Brain region that receives sensation and stores memory | c. serotonin |
| ____ 4. Brain region located just above the pons | d. pia mater |
| ____ 5. Largest portion of the forebrain | e. rabies |
| ____ 6. Cortex area that selects the words of a verbal description | f. Alzheimer's disease |
| ____ 7. Cortex area that selects muscle groups for vocalization | g. midbrain |
| ____ 8. Neurotransmitter produced in the primary motor area | h. EEC |
| ____ 9. Neurotransmitter that can be disrupted by drugs like LSD | i. dura mater |
| ____ 10. A record of the electrical activity of the brain | j. Stage 1 sleep |
| ____ 11. Sleep in which eyes remain still; dreams not remembered | k. acetylcholine |
| ____ 12. Time of gentle dozing; eyes tend to roll | I. Brocas area |
| ____ 13. A viral disease of animals and humans | m. forebrain |
| ____ 14. Early onset dementia; leads to coma and then death | n. Stage 2 sleep |
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