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Chapter 3: The Chemical Building Blocks of Life


Key Terms

Chapter 3: The Chemical Building Blocks of Life

p. 37: macromolecules

p. 38: organic molecules, hydrocarbons, functional groups, hydroxyl group, polymers

p. 39: dehydration reaction, dehydration synthesis, anabolic reactions, catalysis, enzymes, catabolic reactions, hydrolysis

p. 40: carbohydrates, empirical formula, monosaccharides, glucose, disaccharides, polysaccharides, cellulose

p. 41: fructose, galactose, isomers, structural isomers, stereoisomers

p. 42: sucrose, lactose, lactase, maltose, starches, amylose, amylopectin, pectins

p. 43: glycogen, levo- (l-) sugars

p. 44: alpha form, beta form, structural polysaccharide, cellulose, chitin

p. 45: lipids, fats, glycerol, fatty acids, triglyceride, triacylglycerol

p. 46: saturated fatty acids, unsaturated fatty acids, polyunsaturated, oil

p. 47: phospholipids, lipid bilayer, steroids, terpenes, prostaglandins

p. 48: proteins, enzymes, globular proteins

p. 49: fibrous proteins, contractile proteins, intercellular messengers

p. 50: amino acid, amino group, carboxyl group, aromatic, peptide bond, polypeptide

p. 52: primary structure, secondary structure, tertiary structure, quaternary structure, motifs, domains

p. 53: van der Waal’s forces

p. 54: chaperone proteins, molecular chaperones

p. 55: denaturation, dissociation

p. 56: nucleic acids, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), ribonucleic acid (RNA)

p. 57: nucleotides, phosphodiester bond, purines, adenine (A), guanine (G), pyrimidines, cytosine (C),

thymine (T), uracil (U), adenosine triphosphate (ATP), nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD+)

p. 58: helix, double helix, complementary

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