Berry, A., and M. Kreitman: "Molecular Analysis of an Allozyme Cline: Alcohol Dehydrogenase in Drosophila melanogaster on the East Coast of North America," Genetics, vol. 134, July 1993, pages 869–93. An instant classic, this paper is a superb illustration of how difficult it is to conclusively demonstrate the operation of natural selection; this is science done as it should be.

Caro, T., and others: "Ecological and Genetic Factors in Conservation—A Cautionary Tale," Science, January 1994, pages 485–87. Inbreeding is clearly important in the management of captive populations, but its relevance to small groups of animals living in the wild may have been overstated.

Cohn, J.: "Genetics for Wildlife Conservation," BioScience, March 1990, pages 167–71. DNA analysis provides valuable information for managing both natural and captive populations of endangered species.

Cunningham, P.: "The Genetics of Thoroughbred Horses," Scientific American, May 1991, pages 92–98. An enjoyable account of how breeding has influenced thoroughbred racehorses.

Gillis, A.: "Getting a Picture of Human Diversity," BioScience, vol. 44, January 1994, pages 8–11. A report on how population geneticists are using variation in human genes to track the history of Homo sapiens.

Lemonick, M.: "A Terrible Beauty," Time, December 12, 1994, pages 64–70. By selecting for show-ring looks, animal breeders are crippling America’s purebred dogs.

Morin, P., and others: "Kin Selection, Social Structure, Gene Flow, and the Evolution of Chimpanzees," Science, August 1994, pages 1193–1201. By extracting DNA from chimp hairs, researchers have for the first time been able to study kinship patterns among wild chimps—and possibly identify a new species.

O’Brien, S., D. E. Wildt, and M. Bush: "The Cheetah in Genetic Peril," Scientific American, May 1986, pages 84-92. Evidence indicates an ancient population bottleneck in cheetahs, which has put the survival of the species in doubt.

Weiner, J.: The Beak of the Finch: Evolution in Real Time, New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1994. A highly recommended account of ongoing studies of evolution in action among Darwin’s Galápagos finches, discussed in detail in chapter 20.