Although they stand mute and unable to travel, vascular plants have used their heritage to dominate the landscape and to control and modify the environment. Habitats are classified according to geology and the plant life present. Plants control humidity and sunlight beneath them, as well as, providing food and nesting sites to the animals of the world. One can well marvel at the locomotion adaptation of animals. It is no less marvelous that the vascular plants, rooted in place, have adapted themselves for coping with hazards of life as they dominate the terrestrial environment. Adaptation required waterproofing of structures to prevent evaporative loss through their tissues. Gas exchange was essential to photosynthesis, but again, it had to be accomplished without prohibitive evaporative loss. The need to reach the sunlight above competitors that required vascular tissue also jeopardized the free-swimming sperm. Another method of fertilization had to evolve. Species survival entailed competition for space. In the competition for space, dispersal became key. Much of the competition among plants even today is that of reproduction and dispersal. The vascular plants won the race for the sun. Seed plants won the dispersal race and in suitable habitats, it is evident that the flowering, fruit producing seed plants hold the edge over conifers. The competition continues today. Diversity and competition feed evolution.