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Chapter 53: The Endocrine System


Key Terms

Chapter 53: The Endocrine System

p. 1046: neurotransmitters, hormone, endocrine gland, target cells, neurohormone, autocrine, paracrine

p. 1047: endocrine system, exocrine glands, polypeptides, glycoproteins, amines, steroids, sex steroids, corticosteroids, catecholamines, lipophilic hormones

p. 1048: cytokines, lymphokines, growth factors, platelet-derived growth factor, epidermal growth factor, insulin-like growth factor, nerve growth factor, neurotrophins, endothelin, bradykinin, prostaglandins, arachidonic acid

p. 1049: dysmenorrhea, aspirin, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, (NSAIDs), indomethacin, ibuprofen

p. 1051: hormone response elements, tetraiodothyronine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3)

p. 1052: second messengers, alpha and beta andrenergic receptors, cyclic AMP (cAMP), G proteins, adenylyl cyclase, protein kinase-A, phosphorylase, phospholipase C, inositol triphosphate (IP3)

p. 1053: calmodulin

p. 1054: pituitary gland, anterior pituitary, posterior pituitary, antidiuretic hormone (ADH, vasopressin)

p. 1055: oxytocin, neuroendocrine reflexes

p. 1056: tropic hormones (tropins), growth hormone (GH, somatotropin), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH, corticotropin), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH, thyrotropin), luteinizing hormone (LH)

p. 1057: follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), gonadotropins, prolactin (PRL), melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH), acromegaly, pituitary dwarfism, gonadotropic hormones

p. 1058: releasing hormones, inhibiting hormones, hypothalamo-hypophyseal portal system, thyrotropin- releasing hormone (TRH), corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), growth-hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH), somatostatin, prolactin-inhibiting hormone (PIH), melanotropin-inhibiting hormone (MIH), negative feedback inhibition

p. 1059: goiter

p. 1060: thyroid gland, cretinism, hypothyroid, calcitonin, parathyroid hormone (PTH)

p. 1061: 1,2,5-dihydroxy vitamin D, rickets

p. 1062: adrenal glands, adrenal medulla, adrenal cortex, cortisol (hydrocortisone), glucocorticoids, prednisone, aldosterone, mineralocorticoid

p. 1063: pancreas, pancreatic duct, islets of Langerhans, diabetes mellitus (type I: insulin-dependent, and type II: non-insulin-dependent), insulin, beta cells, alpha cells, glucagon

p. 1064: ovaries, testes, estrogens, progesterone, testosterone, androgens, pineal gland, pineal eye, melatonin, suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), circadian rhythm, thymus, atrial natriuretic hormone, erythropoietin, brain hormone, prothoracic gland, molting hormone (ecdysone), juvenile hormone, corpora allata

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