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Chapter 15: Cycles Of Growth And Reproduction |
1. Relevance of Topic
All living things have cycles of growth and reproduction and many of these cycles, which vary in length from several hours to a lifetime, are intertwined in various ecosystems.
Light cycles drive various activities of many organisms, including humans; the recent research on this includes discovery of the fact that light receptors exist in tissue behind the human knee.
To spark student interest in cycles of living things, pictures of sleeping cats (which have no internal clock), sleeping humans aboard commercial air flights, or a cloud of mayflies (order Ephemerata) on the day of their emergence as adults, could be shown.
2. Continuity
Material on meiosis and the inheritance of genetic information is easily related to the previous chapters on the functions of DNA.
Understanding of how transmission of the genetic material occurs from one generation to the next is relevant to future chapters on population genetics and evolution.
3. Demonstration Activities
Text section 15.1.
1. Show Figures 15.1—15.4 to introduce life cycles.
2. Show pictures of sleeping cats, sleeping humans, or other animals, in discussion of circadian rhythms
3. Show a picture of shift workers going to work in a factory, or airforce pilots, who fly through several time zones in one day.
4. Show a picture of a bottle of melatonin pills, currently available over the counter.
Text section 15.2
1. Figure 15.5 illustrates the general alternating sexual cycle.
2. Show a micrograph of thousands of tiny sperm surrounding a relatively huge ovum.
Text section 15.3
1. Figure 15.6 illustrates the human sexual cycle.
2. Add to this a picture or schematic of a generalized plant life cycle.
Text section 15.4
1. Show Figure 15.10, a typical karyotype.
2. Show or draw homologous chromosomes, using different colors for maternal and paternal homologues, and using different shapes (e.g. metacentric and telocentric) for different chromosomes.
3. Use pop-bead models to illustrate chromosomes, as indicated in 2., above.
4. Model meiosis with beads or drawings, and include crossing over (show exchange of nonsister chromatids, which should be in different colors).
Text section 15.5
1. Figure 15.11 illustrates spermatogenesis.
2. Add to this a cross section of the seminiferous tubules, showing all stages of sperm production.
3. Show Figure 15.12, a sperm, to illustrate the typical morphology.
4. Figure 15.11 illustrates oogenesis.
5. Add to this figure slides of oogenesis in Ascaris, for example, illustrating various stages.
6. Show a picture of a human female baby, and discuss the fact that her primary oocytes are made, but not her mature ova.
7. Show Figure 15.13, the generalized plant life cycle, with reproductive structures.
8. Show a flower model, cutaway view, and discuss basic reproductive structures.
Text section 15.7
1. Show Figure 15.18, the liver fluke life cycle, to illustrate various morphologies of various stages.
2. Hand around a culture vial of Drosophila, which illustrates several stages in the life cycle.
3. Show colorful pictures of butterfly or moth cocoons, and adults, or mounts of these items.
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