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Class Activities |
Chapter 24: Mechanisms Of Evolution |
1. Relevance of Topic
The importance of the environment, as a "player" in evolutionary change, is emphasized in this chapter, and can be used to draw in students interested in ecology or current events related to the environment.
The chapter points out that evolution does not happen in a vacuum, so a full understanding of evolutionary mechanisms must include this chapter's material.
Many current events relating environmental changes to changes in populations and species of organisms could be brought in to spur interest in the material in this chapter.
2. Continuity
The previous chapter's material is made complete here, as the role of the environment is integrated into the functioning of evolutionary mechanisms.
Future chapters on diversity can be enhanced with an understanding of how a variety of organisms are affected by each other and by physical factors in their environment.
3. Demonstration Activities
Text section 24.1
1. A videodisc covering pollination and coevolution topics is commercially available and is generally very well-received by students; this could be a fun way to introduce the chapter and also begin a dialogue on the interactions among species.
2. Figure 24.1 also illustrates the interconnectedness of species.
Text section 24.3
1. Figure 24.2 shows an inaccurate representation of evolution in Equus and illustrates straight-line evolution.
2. Figure 24.3 illustrates the modern view of evolution as a haphazard course of events.
3. Figure 24.4 shows stabilizing, directional, and disruptive selection. These three concepts can also be illustrated using commercially available computer programs that will run generations of hypothetical organisms affected by these three modes of selection.
4. Figure 24.5 shows a model for a population occupying a niche.
5. Figure 24.6 illustrates the Red Queen Hypothesis, or the moving pool of light idea.
Text section 24.4
1. Figure 24.7 shows punctuated speciation
2. Figure 24.8 shows punctuated equilibrium in molluscs.
3. Figure 24.9 shows that some species may become extinct while others survive.
Text section 24.5
1. Figure 24.10 shows geographic isolation in northern flickers.
2. Figure 24.11 shows stages of speciation and illustrates how intermediate forms can occur.
3. Figures 24.12, 24.13, and 24.14 all cover intermediate stages in the speciation of various groups.
4. Text art or other maps illustrating allopatric, parapatric, and sympatric, should be shown.
5. Figure 24.15 shows character displacement in nuthatches.
Text section 24.6
1. List out and discuss both pre-mating and post-mating isolating mechanisms.
Text section 24.7
1. Show Figure 24.17 and discuss how the honeycreepers diverged.
2. Figure 24.18 illustrates the islands occupied by the honeycreepers.
3. Figure 24.19 shows adaptive radiation in the honeycreepers.
4. Figure 24.20 shows adaptive radiation in a plant family.
5. Figure 24.21 uses the spotlight metaphor to show that populations in transition are more likely to fail.
6. Show a picture of a waterfowl species that could establish a new population on an island, and discuss the founder effect.
Text section 24.8
1. Figure 24.22 illustrates how gene flow can affect populations where no physical boundary exists.
Text section 24.9
1. Figure 24.23 shows how autopolyploidy occurs. Add to this pictures of plant species that display this phenomenon.
2. Figure 24.24 shows how allopolyploidy occurs. Add to this pictures of plant species that display this phenomenon.
3. Modern bread wheat, Figure 24.25, illustrates a product of hybridization.
Text section 24.11
1. Show D'Arcy Thompson's drawings and Dürer's drawings and discuss how simple changes can result in dramatic evolution (Figures 24.26, 24.27, 24.28, and 24.29).
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