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Chapter 30: The Evolution of Eucaryotes


Class Activities

Chapter 30: The Evolution Of Eucaryotes

1. Relevance of Topic

Many of the organisms in this chapter (e.g. amoebas, Giardia, Plasmodium, and various protozoans) are associated with disease.

Many are aquatic and are key elements in oceanic ecosystems.

Red algae is the source of carregeenan, a common clarifying and stabilizing agent in many foods (e.g. ice cream and chocolate).

2. Continuity

Review the basics of procaryote biology and introduce the protists and simple eucaryotes as probable evolutionary descendants of the procaryotes.

Look ahead to the fungi, plants, and animals, and suggest threads of continuity such as common cell types and cell contents, similarities among genomes, reproductive strategies, and so on.

3. Demonstration Activities

Text section 30.2

1. Show Figure 30.2 and several other pictures of protozoans, including the three basic types: flagellates, ciliates, and amoebas.

2. Discuss a few of the diseases caused by protozoans (e.g. malaria, African sleeping sickness, amoebic dysentery) and show pictures related to these; include the fact that malaria is still the number one killer of humans worldwide.

3. Show Figure 30.1 and an array of green, brown, and red algae.

4. Discuss the importance of algae in the biosphere as a major oxygen producer and food source.

5. Show pictures of mold colonies, or bring plates with molds growing on them.

Text section 30.3

1. Show Table 30.1 and present the three major clades in eucaryotes.

2. Show Figure 30.4 and discuss the green algae.

Text section 30.4

1. Show Figure 30.7 and distinguish between golden-brown algae and yellow-green algae.

2. Figures 30.8 and 30.9 illustrate filamentous algae and chromists.

3. In discussing the diatoms, show Figure 30.10 and add to it other photos showing varied diatoms.

4. Figure 30.11 outlines the cell division of diatoms.

5. The dinoflagellates are represented by Figure 30.12; these are phosphorescent in the ocean and a nice photo of this and discussion of how military pilots used these is effective.

6. Discuss the red tide and its effects on marine ecosystems.

7. Show Figure 30.13, which illustrates the reproductive cycle of water molds and downy mildews.

8. Show a photo of a crop overrun with downy mildews.

9. Figure 30.14 should be added to a large number of photos (including those of saltwater aquaria, and those of someone eating seaweed) showing the prevalence of brown algae in marine environments.

Text section 30.5

1. Figure 30.15—30.18 all illustrate red algae; show these and discuss how these algae are distinguished from other types.

Text section 30.6

1. In this section, focus on the ciliate protozoans, and include Figures 30.2130.23.

2. Include mention of the fact that Paramecium has a type of sexual reproduction, and discuss the importance of this in evolution.

Text section 30.7

1. Show Figure 30.24 and discuss the unique appearance of true slime molds.

Text section 30.8

1. Use Figure 30.26 to introduce a discussion of how procaryotic cells probably evolved into eucaryotic cells.

Text section 30.9

1. Continue a discussion of procaryote to eucaryote evolution and use Figures 30.2730.29 to show the early evolution of mitosis.

Text section 30.10

1. Discuss in detail the endosymbiosis theories, and use Figure 30.32 to illustrate a possible mechanism.

2. Mention Lynn Margulis, show her picture, and discuss her various accomplishments.

Text section 30.10

1. Show Figure 30.33 and summarize the probable path of early eucaryotic evolution.

2. Show Figure 30.36 and summarize the probable phylogeny of the major groups discussed in this chapter.

3. End with reminding students that many of these phylogenies are changing rapidly; sign into the World Wide Web, call up the Tree of Life, and show examples of phylogenies where branches are uncertain.

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