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Class Activities |
Chapter 37: Plant Structure And Development |
1. Relevance of Topic
Though some biology students may not have a well-developed interest in plants, by bringing the real world into this chapter's discussions, you can increase their awareness.
In covering the basics of plant structure, real specimens or color photos of plants familiar to students should be used.
Plant development topics are relevant to many persons doing research on insect—plant relations, such as those involved in pest management, for example.
For any students of agriculture, knowledge of basic plant structures and their development is a necessity.
2. Continuity
This chapter begins a large plant section in the text and provides the framework for closer analysis of plant physiology by covering the anatomy of plant cells and tissues.
Connections to previous chapters, especially those on plant and animal body plans and evolution, can be made by discussing the adaptive significance of many plant features presented in this chapter.
3. Demonstration Activities
Text section 37.1
1. Discuss the basic anatomy of the plant cell, and show photos and figures (e.g. from Chapter 6) to illustrate them.
2. Discuss cellulose as a major component of plants, and cover where it is found and its function; include Figure 37.2.
3. Show Figures 37.5 and 37.6 and discuss the importance of vacuoles in plant cells.
Text section 37.2
1. Show Figure 37.7 and discuss the three basic tissue types in plants.
2. Show micrographs or plant tissue cross sections that illustrate the location and features of the three tissue types.
3. Bring actual plant specimens to class, section them or prepare them as needed, and project the preps using a microscope video system or a visual presenter.
Text section 37.3
1. Discuss the general functions of xylem and phloem.
Text section 37.4
1. Show Figure 37.10 and discuss the importance of the various roles of the epidermis.
2. Emphasize the fact that no organism is known that can digest cutin.
3. Ask the class to tell how it is, then, that plants succumb to infestation by insects and microbes?
Text section 37.5
1. Review what a seed is (an embryo) and the importance of the evolution of seeds in the adaptive radiation of terrestrial plants.
2. Show Figure 37.11 and discuss dormancy and germination.
Text section 37.6
1. Show Figure 37.13 and summarize the principal differences between monocots and dicots.
2. Show many slides, photos, and pictures of both monocots and dicots.
3. Entertain a discussion of which group evolved first; it is thought that the monocots evolved from the dicots. Discuss the possible selective pressures that caused this to happen and also discuss the adaptive significance of the distinguishing features of each group.
Text section 37.7
1. Discuss the basics of vascular plant growth and cover the anatomy of an embryo.
2. Show a slide or drawing illustrating the anatomical features of a plant embryo and include the distinctions between dicots and monocots in this regard.
Text section 37.8
1. Ask the class to provide you with the main functions of plant roots.
2. Show pictures of trees and other plants with prominent root systems, including those that have died or been uprooted.
3. Contrast dicot and monocot root systems.
4. Cover the function of the root cap, and show Figure 37.15 in discussing the stages of root cell growth.
Text section 37.9
1. Compare stem growth with root growth.
2. Show Figure 37.17 and discuss leaf growth and the leaf primordia.
3. Discuss axillary buds and ask the class when these are made in the life cycle of a deciduous plant.
Text section 37.10
1. Show Figure 37.18 and cover the concentric regions of a stem.
2. Discuss vascular bundles and contrast dicots and monocots (Figure 37.19) in this regard.
Text section 37.11
1. Bring a variety of living plant specimens to class (or, show photos) to illustrate the variance in plant leaf shapes and sizes.
2. In connection with the display specimens or photos, ask the class to suggest the adaptive significance of various shapes, and to suggest the likely habitats for the various plants.
3. Cover the basics of leaf anatomy, using Figure 37.21 to illustrate them.
4. Briefly describe leaf development, using Figure 37.22.
Text section 37.12
1. Distinguish primary growth from secondary growth by discussing the different parts of the plant that grow by each method.
2. Show Figures 37.23, 37.24, and 37.25 when discussing secondary growth.
Text section 37.13
1. Ask the class to provide the functions of plant bark and then discuss how a plant's bark protection can be defeated by other organisms.
2. Show pictures of bark that has been destroyed, invaded, removed, or otherwise defeated by other organisms.
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