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Ackerman, Diane. A Natural History of the Senses. Random House, New York, 1990.

Axel, Richard. "The Molecular Logic of Smell." Scientific American, October 1995, p. 130. Current research and theories of olfaction.

Barlow, Robert B., Jr. "What the Brain Tells the Eye." Scientific American, April 1990, p. 90. A circadian clock adjusts the sensitivity of the horseshoe crab’s eyes.

Brownlee, Shannon. "The Route of Phantom Pain: Amputees Lead Scientists to a Startling New View of How The Brain Works." U.S. News & World Report, October 2, 1995. Phantom-limb pain is common among amputees and recent research shows that the pain results from defective brain signals.

Craig, A. D., and M. C. Bushnell. "The Thermal Grill Illusion: Unmasking the Burn of Cold Pain." Science, July 8, 1994, p. 252. In Thunberg’s thermal grill illusion, first demonstrated in 1896, a sensation of strong, often painful heat is elicited by touching interlaced warm and cool bars to the skin. The basis for the illusion is explored here.

Dusenbery, David B. Sensory Ecology: How Organisms Acquire and Respond to Information. W. H. Freeman, New York, 1992. The comparative physiology and ecology of the senses.

Gallagher, Winifred. "Touch and Balance: A Tribute to the Forgotten Senses." American Health, JanuaryûFebruary, 1990, p. 45. Physiological and psychological aspects of our senses of touch and balance.

Konishi, Mazakazu. "Listening with Two Ears." Scientific American, April 1993, p. 34. How barn owls locate their prey by sound.

Lewis, Ricki. "When Smell and Taste Go Awry." FDA Consumer, November 1991, p. 29. The senses of taste and smell can sometimes be distorted or stifled. These disorders may be a side effect of drug treatment. Since less than 5 percent of the population is afflicted, the problem has not warranted too much attention.

Moss, Cynthia F., and Sara J. Shettleworth (eds.). Neuroethological Studies of Cognitive and Perceptual Processes. Westview Press, Boulder (CO), 1996.

Suga, Nobuo. "Biosonar and Neural Computation in Bats." Scientific American, June 1990, p. 60. Bats extract remarkably detailed information about their surroundings from biosonar signals. Neurons in their auditory systems are highly specialized for performing this task.

Wolfe, Jeremy M. "Hidden Visual Processes." Scientific American, February 1983, p. 94. Vision is actually divided into subsystems.

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