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Class Activities |
Chapter 49: Fundamentals Of Animal Behavior |
1. Relevance of Topic
All animals display behaviors, many of which are not understood but are intriguing to humans.
Many behaviors are genetically "programmed" and are not learned; they can therefore be passed on to new generations and facilitate propagation of the species.
Problems of human behavior (e.g. violence) are a constant problem in modern society and the analysis of these behaviors as either genetically based or learned represents an entire set of professions.
2. Continuity
This chapter introduces a section on behavior and social interaction in animals, and lays the groundwork of terminology necessary to delve more deeply into these topics.
3. Demonstration Activities
Text section 49.1
1. Define ethology and show Figure 49.1 as an example of behaviors that are cataloged by ethologists.
2. Discuss anthropomorphism and give examples.
Text section 49.2
1. Review the principle of natural selection and define an evolutionarily stable strategy (ESS).
Text section 49.3
1. Define instinct and distinguish it from learning and maturation.
2. Show Figure 49.3 and discuss this example of learning.
Text section 49.4
1. Define fixed-action pattern and show Figure 49.4 and explain the case it illustrates.
Text section 49.5
1. Show Figures 49.6 and 49.7 and describe in detail the digger wasp sequence of fixed-action pattern activities.
2. Show Figure 49.8 and discuss the fact that hybrids may not have either of the patterns of their parents and thus may not survive to reproduce.
Text section 49.6
1. Show Figures 49.9 and 49.10 and review the research on the male sticklebacks, bird chicks, and their releasers.
2. Show pictures of animals with protective mimicry (Figure 49.11).
Text section 49.8
1. Show Figure 49.13 as an example of ritualized behavior.
Text section 49.9
1. Describe Lorenz's experiment with the Greylag goslings and show Figure 49.14 when discussing imprinting.
Text section 49.10
1. Define learning and again distinguish it from maturation.
2. Define habituation and give examples.
Text section 49.11
1. Show Figure 49.16 and describe classical conditioning and Pavlov's dog experiments.
2. Show Figure 49.17 and define operant conditioning.
Text section 49.13
1. Discuss the use of pheromones as cues in the insect world; show Figure 49.21.
2. Explain what is known about animal migration (Figures 49.22, 49.23, 49.24), using birds as an example.
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