1. Protists are the simplest of eukaryotes. Because they are eukaryotic, they are not monerans. The lines of distinction are not always clear cut between the "upper" kingdoms. The protists do not have roots, stems, or leaves, so they are not usually classified with the plants. The animal-like protists are single-celled, whereas the true animals are multicellular. The line between the fungi is less distinct.
2. Some variation in answers will exist. Check the in-text definitions.
3. Chlorophylls -- green
Carotenoids -- orange/yellow
Fucoxanthin -- brown to olive-green
Phycobilins
Phycoerythrin -- red
Phycocyanin -- blue
4. Algae do not have roots, stems, and leaves
5. Sporozoite -- haploid cells that enter the host
Merozoite -- rapidly dividing infecting cells
Trophozoite -- burst form, attaches and eats
6. Phytoplankton is the "plant" part of plankton; zooplankton is the "animal" part of plankton.
7. Answers will vary.
8. Amoeboid (pseudopods), cilia, flagella
9. Holozoic -- phagocytosis
Saprozoic -- diffusion, facilitated diffusion, active transport, pinocytosis
10. Binary fission produces two daughter cells; multiple fission produces many.
11a. Malaria -- Plasmodium sp.
b. Whirling disease -- myxozoa
c. Paralytic shellfish poisoning -- Gymnodinium and Gonyaulax sp.
d. Toxoplasmosis -- Toxoplasma gondii
e. Grape downy mildew -- Plasmopara viticola
f. Late potato blight -- Phytophthora infestans
12a. Diatoms (Chrysophyta)
b. Dinoflagellates (Pyrrhophyta)
c. Green algae (Chlorophyta)
d. Euglenoids (Euglenophyta)
e. Stoneworts (Charophyta)
f. Brown algae (Phaeophyta)
g. Red algae (Rhodophyta)
13. Cellulose in cell walls resembles plants; multinucleate filaments resemble fungi.
TO THINK ABOUT
1. Bacteria are prokaryotic; protista are eukaryotic.
2. Pseudoplasmodium formation
3. An aggregate of unspecified tiny and microscopic organisms can be called plankton.
4. High exposure would be one answer. Other answers may be possible.
5. Probably answer: Absence of the Anopheles mosquito.
6. Molecular or genetic
7. Cellular aggregates is one answer. Division of labor is another answer. Other answers are possible.
8. Development of roots, stems, and leaves.
9. The answer would depend on the depth or environment of the water.
10. Answers will vary.
11. Able to absorb different wave lengths, protection.
12. Body parts
13. Answers will vary but should generally follow the information on pages 470 to 472.
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