1. Meristem
2. Ground tissue
3 a. Water conservation
b. Protect root cap
c. Water conservation -- Casparian strip
4. Students may answer this in two different ways. Some may think of the two types of xylem and phloem as the two types of cells or cell types. Or they may think in terms of primary and secondary. So, answers will vary accordingly.
5. Answers will vary but should definitely include statements about water conservation and photosynthetic regions.
6. Answers will vary.
7. Much of the trunk of the banana plant is made of tightly packed leaves. Stems and leaves are identified according to anatomical and physiological definitions. See page 541.
8. Answers will vary.
9. Answers will vary.
10. See text.
TO THINK ABOUT
1. Meristematic tissue
2. Virtually all plant structures are adaptations to conserve water. Water transport is primarily the responsibility of the vascular tissue. However, other structures, such as the Casparian strip and the stomata, are indirectly involved in transport.
3. The primary reason has to do with the Casparian strip (and the entire transpiration system). Other factors play a role.
4. Environmental cues such as shortening days or cooler temperatures are the main reasons given in the text. Students who have a botanical background may include facts about plant hormones.
5. Tiny root caps pushing ahead of rapidly dividing cells.
6. The root could not grow -- unless indeterminate cells differentiated to form a new meristematic region.
7. Answers will vary.
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