Lewis/Life - Answers to End-of-Chapter Questions

Chapter 37 - Answers to End-of-Chapter Questions

TO REVIEW

1. Substance that promotes growth, maintenance, and repair of the body.

2. Circulatory - picks up products
Muscular - helps propel substances
Nervous - control
Endocrine - supply hormones

3. Carbohydrates - monosaccharides
Proteins - amino acids
Lipids - glycerol and fatty acids

4 a. Small intestine
b. Large intestine
c. Small intestine
d. Stomach

5 a. For example: Any vertebrate
b. For example: Paramecium
c. For example: Hydra
d. For example: Any vertebrate
e. For example: baleen whale

6. Answers will vary.

7. Mechanical digestion breaks up particles. This increases surface area and facilitates chemical digestion.

8. Corrosive juices present in volume only when needed, presence of mucus (for protection), different forms of digestive enzymes.

9. Stomach - rugae
Small intestine - folds, villi, and microvilli

Reason: There is a lot of work to be done!

10. By itself, no. Bacteria are a major part of the normal flora of the intestinal tract.

11. Teenager: probably primary deficiency.
Other person: probably secondary deficiency.

12. Answers will vary.

13. Liver - 200+ functions, including production of bile. Pancreas - production of digestive juices and digestive enzymes. Gallbladder - Storage and release of bile.

14. Answers will vary.

TO THINK ABOUT

1. The primary components -- carbohydrates, proteins, lipids -- may be the same, even in highly varied diets.

2. Many possible answers. These might include: blockers didn't work, compensation mechanisms kicked in, interactions were not accounted for.

3. It has to be chemically decimated right down to the single amino acid level (or, in some cases, the di- or tripeptide level).

4. Lysosome.

5. Physical size.

6. The components must be broken down to get to the cell and built up once inside the cell.

7. Lacteal

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